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EN
The article discusses zoomorphism as part of the anthropocentric discourse aimed at establishing human dominance over animals. Basing on Jacques Derrida’s 1997 paper “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” the article approaches anthropomorphism and zoomorphism as culturally sanctioned ways of misrepresenting animality and shaping human attitudes towards real-life animals. A symptom of the misrepresentation is the gap between animals and their linguistic denotations. The specific aim of the article is to demonstrate that zoomorphism as used in everyday language conserves the human-centered vision of the world by ignoring the differences between individual animals. The discussion concludes by arguing that zoomorphism can be remedied by the individualizing aspects of anthropomorphism.
EN
I would like to point out an interesting technique in picturing the aliens in SF books and TV series. In order to differentiate the humans and the extraterrestrials, writers give the latter animal traits: they “talk animalish,” borrowing from the animal world elements that would serve as a way of describing what is not human. The first part of the below text presents some of the most popular animal aliens in the recent SF history. The second is concentrated on writings of China Miéville and Stanisław Lem. Miéville’s world, Bas-Lag, abounds in curious animal sentient races. The writer has defined in detail one more race, Ariekei, for the needs of his latest book. Lem, on the other hand, is a great and humorous theoretician of how they aliens would look like and what the ways we think about them are.
EN
In the article a qualitative comparative analysis of Russian, Ukrainian and Polish paroemias with a zoomorphic component is conducted. A special attention is paid to the gender specifics of zoomorphisms and their functioning in Russian, Ukrainian and Polish paremiology as well as to the masculine, feminine and metagender references of zoomorphisms.
EN
The present article examines the motif of cattle (Bos taurus taurus) as it was employed by biblical authors for the purpose of depicting God’s qualities and actions. The main aim of the study is to show the zoological and cultural background of the biblical symbols as it is rooted in the breeding and raising of domestic cattle. Namely, it is very probable that certain characteristics of cattle, such as their power, vitality and independence, were the stimulus for referring their image to God. The paper consists of the following parts: (1) a short report on the role of cattle in the beliefs and rituals of the ancient Near East, Greece and Rome; (2) an explanation as to how an ancient people’s knowledge of farm animals influenced their representing the power of God with the symbol of a bull; and (3) the presentation of selected issues concerning the biblical meaning of the horns of cattle.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie motywu bydła domowego (Bos taurus taurus), który przez autorów biblijnych został wykorzystany do przedstawienia przymiotów Boga i Jego działania. Głównym celem tego studium jest wskazanie zoologicznych i kulturowych podstaw symboliki biblijnej związanej z hodowlą wspomnianego gatunku. Jest bowiem wysoce prawdopodobne, iż takie cechy bydła, jak siła, żywotność czy niezależność stały się główną przyczyną odniesienia jego obrazu do Boga. Kolejne punkty tego opracowania zawierają: (1) krótkie omówienie roli bydła domowego w wierzeniach i obrzędach starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu, antycznej Grecji i Rzymu, (2) wyjaśnienie, dlaczego dobra znajomość tych zwierząt hodowlanych, jaka niewątpliwie cechowała starożytnych, zaowocowała uczynieniem z byka symbolu mocy Boga, (3) prezentację niektórych kwestii związanych z biblijną symboliką rogów bydlęcych.
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