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1

‘Arrestez et pillez contre toute sorte de droit’: Trade and the War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720)

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Dhondt F.

Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

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2017

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issue 1

PL

The War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720) was a conflict between Spain and the other major European powers over the balance of power in Italy. France and Britain jointly intervened on the side of the attacked party, Emperor Charles VI. In February 1720, the conflict was resolved when Philip V of Spain finally adhered to the Treaty of London (2 August 1718). The decision to go to war was contentious at the French court. For the benefit of public opinion, Philip, duke of Orléans and Regent of France, had to wage war against the Spanish Prime Minister, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni, rather than against the Sun King’s grandson, Philip V. Moreover, whereas French and British diplomats found consensus as regards maintaining the principles of the Peace of Utrecht (11 April 1713), they remained commercial rivals. This article lifts a tip of the veil covering the complex trade relations during the conflict. Spain tried to placate and reassure French merchants, and conversely to punish their British counterparts. The British fleet patrolled the Mediterranean, searching French vessels as well as those of neutral states. The Emperor, though allied to France and Britain, could not prevent Neapolitan corsairs from preying on their trade. Moreover, French ships illegally furnished the Spanish army. Finally, France and Britain hoped to quell the abuse of neutral powers in the conflict (Tuscany, Genoa, Venice) by imposing upon them a duty to chase Spanish privateers from their harbours. The complaints of French traders, as indicated by the consuls to the Conseil de la Marine and the Regent himself at the apex of the French government, reveal pleas borne out of frustration, as well as appeals to either the law of nations or consular protection to shield merchants from assaults and abuses. When war was declared, inimical, friendly or allied relations in high politics seemed almost irrelevant. The military conflict generated uncertainty and damaged the reputation of the French flag. Diplomatic pressure on the neutral powers was seen as being more effective than reliance on seemingly corrupt or biased local jurisdictions. The Regent’s management of the conflict – in close collaboration with Britain, despite all the difficulties on the ground – is all the more remarkable.

2

John Gilissen and the Teaching of Legal History in Brussels

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Dhondt F.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2022

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vol. 99

19-50

PL

John Gilissen (1912–1988) był wybitnym prawnikiem wykładającym na Université libre de Bruxelles (założonym w 1834 r.) i Vrije Universiteit Brussel (założonym w 1969 r.). Posiadane przez te uniwersytety osobiste dokumenty archiwalne – choć nieliczne – pozwalają odtworzyć sposób nauczania Gilissena (zarówno w trakcie wykładów kursowych dla dużych grup studenckich, jak i uzupełniających ćwiczeń), robiącą wrażenie, globalną sieć kontaktów naukowych oraz nienasyconą ciekawość badawczą. Gilissen jest autorem fundamentalnych prac dotyczących licznych aspektów rodzimej historii prawa (tak w odniesieniu do prawa publicznego, jak i prywatnego), a także zyskał renomę jako sekretarz generalny Société Jean Bodin pour l’histoire comparative des institutions. Jego wpływowa pozycja publicznego oskarżyciela, profesora prawa i historyka prawa powoduje dostrzeżenie wyjątkowej pespektywy przemian wyznaniowych, językowych oraz ustrojowych rodzimego kraju Gilissena od czasów pierwszej wojny światowej do pierwszej reformy państwa. Obecny program studiów prawniczych na Vrije Universiteit Brussel nadal nosi ślady wpływów Gilissena i jego prawnoporównawczego podejścia do historii prawa prywatnego oraz jego zainteresowań współczesnym znaczeniem historii instytucjonalnej.

EN

John Gilissen (1912–1988) was a high-profile legal academic at the Université libre de Bruxelles (°1834) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (°1969). Personal – albeit fragmentary – archival records deposited with these universities permit to reconstruct his teaching (both ex cathedra-courses for big groups and intensive tutorials), impressive global scientific network and insatiable scientific curiosity. Gilissen is the author of standard works on many aspects of domestic legal history (both public and private), and acquired renown as the secretary-general of the Société Jean Bodin pour l’histoire comparative des institutions. His influential position as a public prosecutor, law professor and legal historian generates a unique insider’s perspective on the confessional, linguistic and constitutional transformation of the country from World War One to the First Reform of the State. The current law curriculum at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel still bears marks of Gilissen’s comparative approach to the history of civil law and his interest in the contemporary relevance of institutional history.

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TRAINING, IDEAS AND PRACTICE. THE LAW OF NATIONS IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, Conference, 18–19 May 2017, Paris, Maison de la Recherche/Fondation Biermans-Lapôtre

100%

Dhondt F.

Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

|

2017

|

issue 1

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2 Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

3 Dhondt F.

1 2022

2 2017

‘Arrestez et pillez contre toute sorte de droit’: Trade and the War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720)

John Gilissen and the Teaching of Legal History in Brussels

TRAINING, IDEAS AND PRACTICE. THE LAW OF NATIONS IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, Conference, 18–19 May 2017, Paris, Maison de la Recherche/Fondation Biermans-Lapôtre