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Recognizing the individual needs and abilities of students is a very important issue in the planning and organization of the educational process. Knowledge gathered about students, their needs and abilities, preferred learning styles and environmental components can contribute to raising the quality of education and upbringing. The main problem addressed by the author is recognizing of the extent to which early childhood education teachers are prepared to explore the psychophysical abilities and learning needs of the child to recognize the risk of specific learning difficulties (including dyslexia risk) at the first stage of education. The central idea has become recognition of the knowledge and views of teachers in carrying out diagnostic procedures, symptoms of specific learning difficulties and methods of working with children with developmental dyslexia. The study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods. The study used the method of a diagnostic survey with the technique of the questionnaire and individual interviews. In the study took part professionally active teachers of early childhood education.
EN
The article discusses the role of the cognitive interest of primary school students as an influential factor that ensures the successful course of educational activities. The article presents the results of an experimental study that revealed a wide range of manifestations of cognitive interests of pupils in grades 2–4 and their influence on learning activity and quality of knowledge. The author describes a diagnostic methodology for studying the breadth, depth, effectiveness, and stability of cognitive interests. The article provides recommendations on the use of integrated and active teaching methods, ensuring continuity between primary and secondary schools, and taking into account the interests of students in planning educational activities. The list of didactic principles, the observance of which ensures the sustainable development of cognitive interests as a driving force of educational activity, is determined. The conclusions show the need for systematic and purposeful formation of cognitive interests in the educational process of primary school.
EN
The article discusses communication problems of the people with dyslexia. Difficulties experienced by these people, as a result of deficits, lead to problems with the correct formulation of oral and written statements, as a consequence of which there are difficulties in the implementation of one’s own needs. The correct communication with others is one of the foundations of being in a relationship with other people, and the satisfactory coexistence in the social environment depends on its course.
PL
Artykuł omawia problemy komunikacyjne osób z dysleksją. Trudności doznawane przez te osoby na skutek deficytów, których efektem są m.in. problemy z poprawnym formułowaniem wypowiedzi ustnych i pisemnych, w konsekwencji prowadzić mogą do utrudnień w realizacji własnych potrzeb. Prawidłowa komunikacja z innymi jest jedną z podstaw funkcjonowania w relacjach z ludźmi i od jej przebiegu zależy satysfakcjonujące współistnienie w środowisku społecznym.
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