The two considered adverbs belong to the group of units that inform about reaching a border. Do ostatka (1) and do reszty communicate the natural end of the action by indicating (but not explicitly naming) the border. The intensifi er do ostatka (2) refers to the way of performing the action (its intensity) and to its completeness, do reszty shows the speaker opinion on the intensity of a feature of a given object.
The aim of this paper is to present and describe the development of textual mediation skills in the approach proposed by companion volume to Common European framework of reference for languages (CEFR CV) from 2018. The approach described in CEFR CV was applied during a translatology course dedicated to Chinese students of Polish language and culture, whose intersemiotic and intralingual translations are analyzed in this paper. According to Heinz Vater the ‘text’ is a linguistic (written or oral) phenomenon that comes into realization in the context and is understandable (complete) within a given situation. It should also be cohesive (grammatically correct) and coherent (semantic consistent). All these indicators of textuality turn out to be difficult for Chinese students, ranging from the lack of cohesion, through the lack of coherence, to the communicative dependence of the target text from the source text and not taking into account features of the target recipient. The authors focus on the latter aspect and discuss the ways of presenting in the student’s translations the world depicted in the source texts as well as protagonists. They point to successful (i.e., target recipient-oriented) and unsuccessful translation solutions and identify potential causes of disruptions in the mediation process.
Languages for specific purposes (LSP) are taught in two different contexts – for academic and for professional needs. In the first case, they are primarily tools for acquiring and processing knowledge, which is possible by knowing a number of terms. That is why B2 is indicated as the optimal level for starting their acquisition. LSP for professional purposes are primarily intended for effective communication and can be taught independently from general language proficiency. In this paper, the authors describe the findings of a survey in which Chinese students of Polish language and culture were asked to express their opinions on the publication Truchcikiem z Kopernikiem. The analysis aims to show if this book is a suitable tool for training LSP in an academic context. It covers levels from A to C (CEFR) and offers training of language in higher education for academic purposes as well as practical language training in situations typical for everyday life at the university. The respondents, representing A2-B1+ proficiency levels, found the book useful for language learning (70%) and for studying in Poland (92%). At the same time, however, 45% of them considered that the exercises were too difficult (for 50% they were adequate), which was explained by the high complexity of vocabulary. They also expressed their expectations for a higher number of grammar tasks in the book.
The article concerns the role of the language teacher in shaping the learners’ so-ciocultural competence in the target country. An important question is whether the teacher should expect students to behave according to the norms of the destination culture. The authors consider also to what extent the importance of the learners’ work comfort is significant (such as meeting the expectations of students by choosing the methods preferred by them). The classroom reality creates a kind of separate space, which is a hybrid of the norms of the source and destination cultures. The authors have selected examples of cultural misunderstandings between a Polish teacher and Chi-nese students of Polish studies which are described in recently published papers. The intensity of the cultural problems may be influenced by crucial differences regarding the understanding of the teacher’s role in both cultures. If the purpose of language classes is not only to provide knowledge about the culture and language as a system, but also to prepare students to use sociocultural com-petences – which in turn are an essential part of potential success of any act of communication – it is necessary to consider to what extent should it be required from the students that they implement target norms in educational contexts, among other realms of the new country.
PL
Artykuł porusza temat roli nauczyciela języka w kształtowaniu kompetencji socjokulturowej uczących się w kraju docelowym. Autorzy stawiają pytanie, do jakiego stopnia należy od studentów wymagać umiejętności sprawnego poruszania się w kulturze docelowej i jakie znaczenia ma w tym kontekście komfort pracy uczących się (dostosowanie się nauczyciela do metod nauczania przez nich preferowanych). Rzeczywistość lekcyjna tworzy bowiem swego rodzaju osobną przestrzeń, stanowiącą hybrydę norm kultur wyjściowej i docelowej. Jako materiał egzemplifikacyjny wykorzystano zaobserwowane w ostatnich latach nieporozumienia kulturowe na linii polski nauczyciel – chiński student polonistyki opisane w literaturze przedmiotu, wynikające między innymi z rudymentarnych różnic dotyczących rozumienia roli nauczyciela w obu. Jeżeli celem zajęć językowych jest nie tylko przekazanie wiedzy o systemie i kulturze, ale również przygotowanie studentów do wykorzystania ich – przekładających się na potencjalny sukces komunikacyjny – kompetencji socjokulturowych, należy zastanowić się, w jakim stopniu wymagać od nich wzorcowej realizacji norm docelowych w tym zakresie w kontekstach (około)edukacyjnych.
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