The article consists of two parts connected with each other logically. In the first one the author presents the basics of the cognitive theory of metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson. Whereas in the second, basing on the theses above, she perfoms an analysis of translation strategies of metaphor on the basis of the contemporary Italian prose (Baricco, Ammaniti). The translation processes described include such phenomena as: word for word translation, demethaphoring, cancellation of metaphor and literary translation.
This article aims to demonstrate the basic relationships at the level of spatial relations, in which the primary prepositional meanings translate into figurative language within the phraseological units containing the component su. The author attempts to answer the question as to whether the image schema, indicated as semantically crucial in the interpretation of the polysemy of this preposition, can affect the semantic motivation of the indicated units. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the impact is uneven, and does not apply to all patterns and relationships discussed.
The status of the metaphor: terminology and categorizations The article is divided into two parts. In the first one, the author reflects on the metaphorical terminology born according to various classifications, especially along the usual/unusual axis based on the criterion of frequency of use and the evocation of original image. In the second part of the article, on the basis of previous reflections, the author proposes to focus on the partial nature of the metaphorical structuring in the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by Lakoff and Johnson. That concept is the classifying criterion to distinguish between the original metaphor and the filling one (metafora riempitiva). In addition, the author lays special emphasis on the status of the so-called sleeping metaphor, oscillating between the category of the metaphor conventional and the unconventional one.
The aim of this article is to carry out a comparative analysis of two adjective series referring to intermediate temperature states in Polish and Italian. The subject of the study is a metaphorical use of the following adjectives in the area of broadly understood emotion: caldo – caloroso –tiepido – freddo for Italian and gorący – ciepły – letni – chłodny – zimny for Polish. The comparative material within the indicated carriers of metaphors is the Italian-language and Polish-language dictionaries available on-line, along with the Sketch Engine Corpus.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przeprowadzenie analizy porównawczej dwóch serii przymiotnikowych wskazujących na pośrednie stany temperaturowe w języku polskim oraz włoskim. Przedmiotem analizy są metaforyczne użycia następujących przymiotników w zakresie szeroko pojętej emocjonalności: caldo – caloroso – tiepido – freddo dla języka włoskiego oraz gorący – ciepły –letni – chłodny – zimny dla języka polskiego. Materiał porównawczy, w obrębie wskazanych nośników metaforycznych, stanowią zasoby słowników włosko- i polskojęzycznych dostępnych on-line wraz z platformą korpusową Sketch Engine.
FR
L’objectif de l’article est de faire une analyse comparative de deux séries d’adjectifs indiquant des états de température intermédiaires en polonais et en italien. L’analyse se concentre sur les usages métaphoriques des adjectifs suivants dans le domaine de l’émotivité au sens large du terme : caldo – caloroso – tiepido – freddo pour l’italien et gorący – ciepły – letni – chłodny –zimny pour la langue polonaise. Le matériel comparatif, dans le cadre des supports métaphoriques indiqués, est constitué des ressources des dictionnaires en italien et en polonais, disponibles en ligne, ainsi que de la plateforme Sketch Engine (logiciel de linguistique de corpus)
The article aims to analyze the demetaphorization process in translation in the context of contemporary Italian literature. The problem is framed from the point of view of the focal adjustments of R. Langacker, in particular the selection and the figure-background alignment. Apart from the obvious problems of untranslatability, the role of the metaphorical potential played in the demetaphorization process is analyzed.
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