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EN
In this paper, the author presents the results of her research into security threats to the European Union member states issued by the Russian Federation. The main purpose of the paper is to show the dangers resulting from Russia’s imperialist ambitions, its expansive foreign policy, and its influence on the European countries. Moreover, the author also discusses the possibilities of preventing these threats. The paper analyses the relations between Russia and the European Union, and discusses the possibilities that the Common Security and Defense Policy provides for the European countries.
PL
W niniejszym artykule, autorka precyzuje podejście do działań o charakterze hybrydowym, prezentując ich istotę oraz analizując ich elementy składowe. Artykuł oparty jest na jawnej części raportów dotyczących kontrwywiadu krajów bałtyckich i prezentuje rosyjskie działania przeprowadzone w krajach bałtyckich w pierwszej oraz drugiej fazie działań hybrydowych.
EN
For centuries, the Russian state has been governed by strong rules. Absolute power has led to the primacy of policy over law, which has become an instrument for realizing the interests of the head of the state. This has given rise to the formation of authoritarianism in Russian rule, which resulted in imperialism. The paper is an attempt to identify sources of Russian authoritarianism. Also, it tries to answer the question of how the political imperial idea and authoritarianism in rule in the Russian state were developed.
EN
The author features the development of mutual Russia – NATO relations since 1991 and their influence on international security policy. She shows differences in the perception of such notions as security, partnership or international policy by these two superpowers. Moreover she outlines the influence of bilateral relations to solve existing conflicts and looks for the possibility to solve growing disputes between them. She presents changes in bilateral relations after the outbreak of the Ukrainian – Russian conflict and Russia’s operations in Syria. Having analysed mutual contacts of the two superpowers, the author sets a possible direction of mutual relations which will undoubtedly be affected by globally spreading terrorism.
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