W tekście przedstawiono genezę i formy organizacyjne kształcenia specjalnego w Polsce w latach międzywojennych (1918–1939). Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na uwarunkowania towarzyszące rozwojowi szkolnictwa specjalnego (ekonomiczne, polityczne, społeczne, prawne). Intencją autora było przypomnienie i przedstawienie sylwetek osób szczególnie zasłużonych dla kształcenia specjalnego w Polsce oraz ukazanie genezy i działalności Państwowego Instytutu Pedagogiki Specjalnej (PIPS).
The article presents various circumstances (social, legal, philosophical and scientific) connected with the care, upbringing and education of people with disabilities from the early modern era to the beginning of the 20th century. Particular attention was to the history of people with disabilities in the Polish lands. The author tried to recall the activity of leading educational activists, pedagogues and scientists – animators of special education in Poland, Europe and the world. The text also contains information related to the activities of educational and upbringing institutions (institutional, organisational, methodological and other aspects).
EN
The article presents various circumstances (social, legal, philosophical and scientific) connected with the care, upbringing and education of people with disabilities from the early modern era to the beginning of the 20th century. Particular attention was to the history of people with disabilities in the Polish lands. The author tried to recall the activity of leading educational activists, pedagogues and scientists – animators of special education in Poland, Europe and the world. The text also contains information related to the activities of educational and upbringing institutions (institutional, organisational, methodological and other aspects).
This article presents the figure of Janusz Korczak: a writer, essayist, editor but above all a Polish pedagogue of Jewish origin, known worldwide for his devotion to the matter of children’s rights and needs. His life and work are discussed here in relation to dilemmas he was forced to face. They involve his origins and social status; professional vocation and work; pedagogical theory and practice; literary work; the relationship between genetics and child’s development; his worldview and religious convictions. The paper is based on Korczak’s own books, articles, essays.
The article provides information related to the activities of the Special Education Section of the Polish Teachers’ Union. It gives a detailed analysis of the first post-war course for special education teachers (1946).
The article describes the activities and achievements of the Commission of National Education in the broadly understood field related to the establishment of the Ministry of Education (1773), the introduction of school regulations, the activities of the Society for Elementary Books, the School Act (1783), the functioning of the school network, and the teacher education.
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Artykuł zawiera informacje związane z działalnością i dokonaniami Komisji Edukacji Narodowej na szeroko pojętym polu związanym z ustanowieniem ministerium edukacji (1773), wprowadzaniem przepisów szkolnych, działalnością Towarzystwa do Ksiąg Elementarnych, Ustawy szkolnej (1783), funkcjonowania sieci szkolnej, wreszcie kształcenia nauczycieli.
Aim: Remembrance and commemoration of the scientific achievements of Prof. Karol Poznański, an outstanding historian of education. The speakers presented their own academic achievement related to the history of education. The seminar provided an opportunity to establish and develop academic cooperation. Methods: Representative method for the borderland between pedagogy and the history of education. Results: Presentation of the scientific and organizational achievements of Prof. Karol Poznański. Characteristics of own research and scientific inspirations in the area of research on the history of education. Conclusions: The seminar served to commemorate Prof. Karol Poznański. It was an opportunity to discuss and present the research in the field of the history of education.
Tekst zawiera informacje związane z genezą, rozwojem i funkcjonowaniem szkolnictwa specjalnego od czasów powstania pierwszych szkół i zakładów specjalnych do I połowy XX w. Zwrócono w nim uwagę na szereg czynników (cywilizacyjnych, metodycznych, organizacyjnych, filozoficznych, pedagogicznych) związanych z rozwojem kształcenia specjalnego. Część druga tekstu stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie dlaczego i w jaki sposób doszło do powstania i rozwoju zgubnych dla ludzkości (i dla osób z niepełnosprawnościami) idei totalitarnych: nazizmu i komunizmu. Artykuł przygotowano na bazie dostępnych opracowań naukowych (prace zwarte) oraz źródeł drukowanych.
Memories of World War II (WW2) have a deeply cultural dimension and therefore are interesting for intercultural studies. This paper is based on an interpretative analysis of some field and desk research data, carried out in Poland by an interdisciplinary team of social scientists, educators and historians in 2018–2020. It is focused on socio-educational factors in the transfer of knowledge and memory of WW2. The researchers try to distinguish socio-educational factors responsible for the preservation of this memory across a range of age cohorts. Sources of knowledge, school curricula and socio-demographic aspects are set against the measured levels of historic facts concerning WW2. The data sets derive from questionnaires, telephone interviews and in-depth interviews with diverse groups of respondents along with a review of teaching history curricula in 1946–2020. On the basis of the findings, it is argued that a successful transfer of memory and knowledge of WW2 goes beyond teaching history at schools and beyond the contemporary political agenda. This article is meant to serve as a barometer of social changes in respect to fading memories of WW2.
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