The development of the automotive industry in the world causes high environmental degradation, the main source of this degradation is engine emissions. It is necessary to introduce biofuels prepared from renewable energy sources to the market due to the limited reserve of crude oil and environmental protection. Appropriate new modifications in law regulations have been prepared in European Union. Introducing alternative fuels can reduce the emissions of harmful gases and also decrease the level of pollutions in the environment.
The paper presents the results of research into the influence of organic fraction composition on yield and dynamics of anaerobic digestion of swine manure and silage maize mixtures. It defines the biological methane potential of individual mixtures and proposes the best option for biogas production on a larger scale.
Waste products from the agriculture industry and other sectors are creating a waste problem with a negative environmental impact. Such effects can be minimized by further processing methods. One method, which is gaining increased importance around the world, is anaerobic digestion, for which biodegradable waste is a valuable source of raw material (Ryckebosch et al. 2011; Deublein, Steinhauser 2008). The paper discusses the technological process of biogas production, as well as the most commonly used methods of purification and refining. It also identifies the potential ways of using the resulting product (CHP, biofuels).
Recycling of end-of-life passenger vehicles is a well-known topic, and there are many literary reports in this regard. However, little information is available on the recycling of bulky vehicles, which determines the authors’ intention to present this issue. The article describes the recycling methods for selected components (tires, windows, catalytic converters, polymer and metal materials, operating fluids), with an indication of the differences between heavy goods vehicles and passenger cars. Examples of large corporations producing vehicles, whose activities facilitate the recycling and segregation of materials used in bulky vehicles, are presented. These corporations meet the changes taking place, and implement the principles of the circular economy, in the field of recycling large-size vehicles. It has been shown that there are still many challenges in the field of vehicle recycling, in particular, with regard to composite materials, and for some recycling technologies, there is still a lack of adequate infrastructure in Poland.
PL
Recykling pojazdów osobowych wycofanych z eksploatacji jest tematem znanym i w tym zakresie można znaleźć wiele doniesień literaturowych. Natomiast niewiele informacji jest dostępnych na temat recyklingu pojazdów wielkogabarytowych, dlatego intencją autorów było przedstawienie tego zagadnienia. W artykule opisano metody recyklingu wybranych komponentów (opon, szyb, reaktorów katalitycznych, materiałów polimerowych i metalowych, płynów eksploatacyjnych) ze wskazaniem różnic między samochodami ciężarowymi a samochodami osobowymi. Przedstawiono przykłady dużych korporacji produkujących pojazdy, których działania ułatwiają recykling i segregację materiałów używanych w pojazdach wielkogabarytowych. Korporacje te wychodzą naprzeciw zachodzącym zmianom i wdrażają zasady gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym w zakresie recyklingu pojazdów wielkogabarytowych. Wykazano, że wciąż istnieje wiele wyzwań w zakresie recyklingu pojazdów, w szczególności w odniesieniu do materiałów kompozytowych, a dla niektórych technologii recyklingu w Polsce wciąż brakuje odpowiedniej infrastruktury.
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