Reflections on the uniquely human dimensions of behavior over the last few decades have become a meeting space connecting different sciences. The holistic health model emphasizes the subjectivity of man. Humans are open and active, and remain in relationships with others; they relate to the world they live in and seek meaning. Subjectivity in the psychological perspective can be described in three ways: subjectivity as identity, individuality, specific experience of self; subjectivity as the ability to initiate, regulate, direct, and realize goal-oriented and autonomous activity; subjectivity as the application of one’s own system of values. Subjectivity or causality (core features agency) expresses itself in the ability to make choices and planning, but also to directing actions and the realization of plans. The motivation to begin psychotherapy is influenced by numerous motives and conditions. Internal motivation is the main subjective resource in therapy. People internally motivated function better in better areas of life. They are characterized by greater involvement, activity, trust in their own abilities, persistence, creativity, a feeling of self-worth and general well-being. They experience engagement and immersion in the activities they undertake. The experience of causality – understood as the experience of being the author of events, the experience of having influence over events – is the fundamental cause without which the feeling of self-causality will not appear during development. As noted by R. White, it is a fundamental experience for good functioning and coping with the challenges of life, including illness.
Artykuł koncentruje się na problematyce kompetencji jako istotnego zasobu, którego rozwijanie i doskonalenie warunkuje nie tylko adaptację do zadań w różnych okresach życia, ale także możliwość rozwoju. Szczególnym rodzajem kompetencji są kompetencje społeczno-emocjonalne, rozumiane jako zestaw wiedzy, umiejętności i postaw związanych z emocjami i relacjami interpersonalnymi. Pozwalają one nie tylko na rozumienie własnych zachowań i zachowań innych, ale także efektywnego budowania relacji interpersonalnych. Kształtowanie tych kompetencji powinno rozpocząć się we wczesnych etapach rozwoju dziecka, niemniej wiąże się to z wieloma trudnościami. Szczególnie istotny staje się wówczas wzrost świadomości i rozwinięcie umiejętności u rodziców, nauczycieli oraz ich wzajemnej współpracy.
EN
The article focuses on the issue of competences as a significant asset which, developed and perfected, determines not only the ability to adapt to various challenges at different stages of life, but also the ability to develop. One particular type of competence, the socio-emotional competences, understood as the body of knowledge, skills and attitudes connected to emotions and interpersonal relations. They allow not only to understand one’s own and others’ behaviour, but also to effectively build interpersonal relations. The shaping of those competences ought to begin in the early stages of child’s life, but it is hampered by many difficulties nevertheless. Particularly important becomes then increased awareness of and development of those competences in parents and teachers, as well as their cooperation.
Artykuł prezentuje „Kwestionariusz motywacji do podejmowania szkoleń”, pozwalający na diagnozę trzech typów motywacji: wewnętrznej, zewnętrznej i amotywacji, definiowanych zgodnie z teorią autodeterminacji Ryana i Deciego. Wyniki konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej na próbie 155 pracowników potwierdziły trafność modelu hierarchicznego, ujmującego trzy wymiary motywacji do podejmowania szkoleń wraz z sześcioma podwymiarami. Poszczególne typy motywacji wykazują przewidywane związki z intencją i planem podejmowania szkoleń, co potwierdza trafność metody. Wskaźniki rzetelności skal pozwalają na ich wykorzystywanie w badaniach naukowych i analizie wyników grupowych, na przykład w analizie potrzeb szkoleniowych, działaniach doradczych.
EN
The “Training Motivation Questionnaire” presented in this article makes possible the measuring of three types of motivation—intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation, as defined in Ryan and Deci’s theory of self–determination. The results of confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 155 employees prove the accuracy of the hierarchical model. This model consists of three dimensions of motivation to undertake training together with six subscales. Each type of motivation reveals relationships with the intention and plan to train. This affirms the validity of this method. Scale reliability indicators allow application in scientific research as well as in group result analyses—e.g., training needs analysis and consultancy.
The main aim of this paper is to summarize available findings related to the subject of high sensitivity from both the educational and parenting perspectives. According to the authors of the concept of Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS), between 15% and 20% of the population exhibit such traits, therefore one has to say that it is necessary to raise the awareness of this subject amongst parents and teachers. High sensitivity may exhibit itself in many ways, depending on the environmental and other temperamental conditions. Understanding its main characteristics (DOES) will allow one to appreciate the potential of this condition instead of focusing on its deficiencies. Such a perspective opens up possible avenues of supporting the Highly Sensitive Child’s resources by both parents and teachers. A review was carried out to answer a research question by collecting and summarizing theo-retical and empirical evidence that fits pre-specified eligibility criteria. The study selection criteria was to find literature/paper reviews and primary studies published in indexed journals included in various databases and focused on Sensory Processing Sensitivity directly, transdisciplinary and ho-listic approaches were central to the process. In the research strategy, the following databases were consulted: PSYCinfo, Scopus and PubMed. The keywords sensory processing, sensitive, environ-mental sensitivity, education were placed in all electronic databases and set to be found in the titles, abstracts or keywords of the documents. No limits on dates were established. At the preparation stage, articles relevant to the topic were selected and supplemented with publications related to child development and educational context. The search was conducted from December 2018 to July 2019.
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