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EN
This paper aims at the problem of realism in the artistic representation of animals. Contemporary animal studies recognize the problem of narratives in which animals serve as a negative point of reference to humans or as a symbol, always referring to some cultural story. In this context the anthropocentric art of Walton Ford is particularly interesting. The painter is openly enthusiastic about the symbolic and narrative uses of animals in culture, and yet in his paintings he manages to represent animals’ otherness, and their ability not to be „tamed” by our schemes.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie doświadczenia pasywności w wybranych dziełach Luciana Freuda. Malarz przedstawia na swych obrazach postacie nagich ludzi oraz psów rasy whippet pogrążonych we śnie lub bezruchu. Ludzka nagość wydaje się bezwstydna, nieomal zwierzęca – jednocześnie jaskrawo kontrastuje ze swobodnymi pozami chartów. Freud twierdził, że w swych dziełach chce uchwycić zwierzęcość człowieka, przedstawić jego cielesność, nagość. W jego dziełach daje się uchwycić interesujące zaburzenia tradycyjnych dychotomii człowiek-zwierzę, kultura-natura. Pies i człowiek tworzą osobliwą wspólnotę pasywności, opartą na wspólnym bezruchu, wycofaniu się ze świata.
EN
This paper aims at the problem of the representation of passivity in the selected Lucian Freud paintings. Artist depicts naked men, sleeping or possibly in the state of lethargy, accompanied by sleeping whippet dogs. Human nakedness appear as shameless, almost “animalistic”, contrasting thus sharply with the dog’s graceful and free poses. Artist claimed that he wanted to represent human animality, his nakedness and corporeality. His works disrupt traditional man-animal, culture-nature dichotomies. Man and dog together form a peculiar community of passivity, they accompany each other in the state of motionless rest and withdrawal from the world.
EN
This text presents an attempt to reread Darwin’s account of his journey on the Beagle. That account constitutes a report of meetings and confrontations with various “strangers”: men, animals, as well as with different faces of otherness and exoticism, that culminate in a landscape so radically distinct from the European one, namely that of the South Pacific. This interpretation allows us to look at Darwin-the narrator-as more than just a naive traveler who observes and judges the world exclusively through the narrow perspective of British imperialism. The naturalist struggles with describing that which exceeds his previous experiences. The imperialistic perspective of landscape taken up in this text allows us to reflect on Darwin’s perception of the landscape. The sights analyzed in the text are foremost treated as emanations of the powers of nature. At the same time, Darwin defines these sights in categories that are not scientific but aesthetic, finding them beautiful and sublime.
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