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EN
The industrialization of the 1975–1989 period brought changes in spatial development and transformations in the human natural environment. New industrial investments required space for their implementation. As a result, the size of green areas near the cities gradually decreased. In addition, the activity of the “old” plants, as well as those under development, posed a serious threat to the environment. These problems were also evident in the province of Kielce. In the middle of the Gierek’s decade the region ranked fifth in the country in terms of the amount of pollution emitted into the atmosphere. In the area of “White Basin”, where many cement and lime factories were concentrated, dust fallout production standards were exceeded even several times. Results of the analyses on the problem of environmental threats may become an important part of the debate on socio-economic processes taking place in Poland during the postwar period. Hitherto studies of industrialization in the years 1944/1945–1989 focused mainly on its social consequences. However, they almost completely ignore the issue of degradation of the ecosystem, which is also closely associated with the industrialization pursued.
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano relacje zachodzące pomiędzy procesem industrializacji a stanem środowiska naturalnego w PRL w latach 1975–1989 na przykładzie województwa kieleckiego. Prowadzona w tym okresie rozbudowa przemysłu bez uwzględnienia potencjalnych zagrożeń ekologicznych spowodowała szybką degradację poszczególnych komponentów ekosystemu. Środowiskowy fragment historii społeczno-gospodarczej Polski w okresie powojennym jest szczególnie ciekawy i warty pogłębionych studiów, tym bardziej że dotychczas był to aspekt pomijany przez badaczy dziejów najnowszych.
PL
W artykule na wybranych przykładach przedstawiono postawy polskiego społeczeństwa względem degradacji ekosystemu w dwóch ostatnich dekadach PRL. W latach siedemdziesiątych i osiemdziesiątych XX w., w sytuacji wyraźnie zarysowującego się kryzysu ekologicznego, wśród polskiego społeczeństwa zaczęły ujawniać się postawy i działania zmierzające do zahamowania tego negatywnego procesu. Inicjatywy podejmowane na rzecz ochrony środowiska naturalnego były m.in. konsekwencją kształtowania świadomości ekologicznej Polaków. Attitudes and reactions of Polish people to natural environment pollution in the country (1971–1989)The article presents an analysis of the attitudes of the Polish society towards the degradation of an ecosystem occurring in three planes. Macro-scale actions are presented on the example of Chernobyl disaster and protests against the construction of nuclear power station at Żarnowiec. Afire in the Organika-Benzyl Chemical Plant and problems with the construction of a combined heat and power plant for the town of Kielce in the area of a natural reserve serve as examples of regional operations. Most numerous are examples for the local level, which include many initiatives of local municipal and rural communities. The issue of attitude of Polish people towards the pollution of natural environment in the country after the World War Two has been marginalised so far in the literature on the subject. It seems, however, that such an approach is wrong, and thorough studies in this field will certainly make a valuable contribution to the socio-economic history of the Polish People’s Republic.
EN
The article examines the usefulness of the genealogical method in research on the Kielce pogrom. An analysis of the stories of individual people – victims of the pogrom will reveal a broader background of this tragic event. In the text, we will also try to answer some important research questions. Is the list of victims complete? Does it include the names of people who did not, in fact, perish during the pogrom? In addition, the article presents new research areas within the described issues.
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