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Rzeczownik barwa i jego synonimy w dziejach języka polskiego

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Białoskórska M.
Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny
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2014
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vol. 13
7-27
EN
On the basis of five synonymous nouns of different roots that generally name phenomena like barwa, farba, krasa, kolor, maść (colour, dye), historic modifications of shift in meanings in these words were traced. The analysis touched upon simple, underivatized forms, in which semantic changes were made under the influence of non-linguistic reality. These changes happened at different times and with different intensity. Therefore, illustrated there mechanisms of functioning and semantic changes of nouns barwa, farba, kolor, maść, krasa give testimony of complexity of processes that had place in non-linguistic reality. They can also serve as an example of the influence that social, cultural and scientific transformations had on the development of lexical and semantic stock of written Polish over the ages.
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Słownictwo osobliwe w „Ścieżkach polnych” Leopolda Staffa

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Białoskórska M.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2010
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vol. 45
EN
Peculiar vocabulary in Ścieżki polne by Leopold StaffIn the article „Peculiar vocabulary in Ścieżki polne by Leopold Staff” Mirosława Białoskórska presented the roles and functions of peculiar vocabulary, i.e. the words characterized by chronological, geographical, emotional-expressive and stylistical features in creation of images of people, animals and countryside nature against the background of the general vocabulary of the Polish language in the beginning of the XX century. The examined vocabulary (204 vocabulary words in 229 usages) is presented in 52 lyric verses (83,9% of the entire collection), including the average concentration index of evaluative vocabulary in 2400 poetic lines amounts to 10,5. The  predominant use of chronologically-evaluative words (old, outdated, and rare words) and geographically-evaluative (lexical regionalisms and dialectisms) words over emotional-expressive words (neologisms, neosemantisms, poetisms) made it possible for the poet to make idealized creations of people, animals and birds who are tired of working against the background of the countryside landscape and different phenomena of Polish nature – the heroes of his poems.
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Stratyfikacja słownictwa z komponentem nazwy barwy złotej w lirykach Leopolda Staffa (część druga)

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Białoskórska M.
Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny
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2015
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vol. 14
25-41
EN
Having compared the distribution of the colour gold in the poetical output of A. Mickiewicz, J. Tuwim, M. Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska, S. Grochowiak and Z. Herbert with that of Leopold Staff, I conclude that it is by far most widespread in the poetry of the latter – a classicist. Apart from some standard vocabulary, which was commonly used by all seven of the above-mentioned poets (złocisty, złocony, złoto, złoty) and well established in both spoken and written variants of early 19th c. Polish, Staff used various lexical individualisms. They were mostly adjectival (often compound), but occasionally also nominal and verbal (in their singular form), e.g.: brzęczyzłotka, przezłacać się, rozzłocić, purpurowozłoty, rudozłoty, złocistokłosy, złotoszczery. Such frequent occurence of lexical components designating colour gold provided light reflexes to the pictures painted with the poet's words. Semantic poetisms, such as: topaz słońca, ciepły bursztyn lasu, dźwignęłaś lasy […] w bursztyn i topazy, etc., deserve a separate attention, since they greatly deepen poeticisation of the landscapes and other elements of the represented world. Designations of colour gold are especially prominent in the early volumes of Staff's poetry, i.e. those published by the 1920's. In the later period, the poet's use of the designations of all colours (not only colour gold) becomes increasingly rare, due to Staff's turn towards more concise and condensed lyrics at the cost of abandoning longer poetic forms, i.a. his long beloved sonnet.
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Językowo-kulturowa kreacja skowronka w Pieśni o skowronku Leopolda Staffa

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Białoskórska M.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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2010
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vol. 16
21-30
PL
The article describes-at the level of text-the lexical and semantic determinants of behaviours, attributes, states and conditions as well as the characteristics of the protagonist of the poem. The world presented in the poem was used by the article’s author to depict the symbolic and cultural qualities with which the poet endowed his literary skylark. The analysis of the linguistic layer shows rich metaphorization of the text, varied character of the artistic imaging means composed into the form of a classicistic praise song in honour of the skylark.
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MORZE W MARZENIACH SENNYCH BOHATERA LIRYCZNEGO W WIERSZU LEOPOLDA STAFFA "WYSPA" - ROZWAŻANIA JEZYKOZNAWCY

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Białoskórska M.
Slavia Occidentalis
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2018
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issue 75/1
7-20
EN
The article presents linguistic phenomena from the initial stage of the poet’s work when the modernist writing model prevailed. Leopold Staff wrote a reflexive and descriptive triptych in which, by resorting to a juxtaposition to the Young Poland movement poetry, he created paradise landscapes of a deserted island surrounded by sea water, drowned in light and colour. In order to recreate the protagonist’s dreams he resorted to poetic imagery at various levels of text organization. The linguistic phenomena in the realm of syntactic forms refer to the functions of exclamations, hypotaxis and parataxis, the role of arrangements of conjugation rows, the rhythm of verses combined in a hendecasyllable with ABBA rhymes. The following figures of speech were used: antithesis, rhetoric questions, inversions, apostrophes etc. As for semantic transformations, an important role was played by sensual and mental metaphors, semantic poetism, personification and comparisons. The lexical phenomena were related to applying the style-related function of vocabulary that is chronologically diverse (artistic neologisms, neo-semantisms, old-fashioned words); geographically diverse (dialects) and word-formation diverse (derivatives of adpositional phrases in order to condense the text to hendecasyllable verses).
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Strukturalno-semantyczna analiza słownictwa z komponentem nazwy barwy złotej w lirykach Leopolda Staffa (część trzecia)

100%
Białoskórska M.
Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny
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2016
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vol. 15
19–37
PL
Z analizy badanego materiału wynika, że poeta wykorzystał takie techniki tworzenia derywatów przymiotnikowych, rzeczownikowych i czasownikowych z komponentem barwy złotej, które pozwoliły wyrazić: a) stopień osłabienia lub natężenia barwy (przymiotniki gradacyjne: złotawy, bladozłoty); b) istotę jakości barwy w relacji z określanym rzeczownikiem (np. przymiotniki jakościowe: złocisty, przezłocisty); c) zjawisko występowania stanu barwy (wykorzystanie czasowników stanowych, np.: złocić, złocić się, ozłacać, rozzłocić; rzeczowników dewerbalnych, np. złocenie); d) stopień metaforyzacji syntetycznych form przymiotnikowo-rzeczownikowych w miejsce grup nominalnych (np.: złotowłosy, złocistokłosy, złotobramny) oraz e) przymiotników dwubarwnych (np.: zielonozłoty, modro-złoty, krwawozłoty, złotopłowy), co wpłynęło na ekonomię wypowiedzi poetyckiej. Dzięki temu stworzył barwne językowe kreacje przyrody ożywionej i nieożywionej, ukazał waloryzowane dodatnio opisy złotych włosów wybranych postaci i piękno artefaktów tworzących kulturę materialną ludzi.
EN
An analysis of the material shows that the poet used such techniques of creating adjectival, substantive and verbal derivatives with a component of a golden colour that made it possible to express: a) a degree of subduing or intensifying the colour (gradual adjectives: goldish (Polish: złotawy), pale gold (Polish: bladozłoty); b) the essence of the colour in relation to an accompanying noun (for example, qualitative adjectives: golden/amber (Polish: złocisty), super golden/amber (Polish: przezłocisty); c) the phenomenon of a colour state (using verbs that describe a state: to gild, to shine like gold, to take on a golden colour [złocić, złocić się, ozłacać, rozzłocić]; verbal nouns: złocenie); d) a degree of metaphorising of synthetic adjectival-substantive forms instead of nominal groups (for example, złotowłosy ‘with golden hair (golden-haired)’, złocistokłosy ‘of golden spikes (ears of grain)’, złotobramny ‘of/with (a) golden gate(s)’; e) adjectives containing two colours (for example, zielonozłoty golden green, modro-złoty ‘golden (dark) blue’, krwawozłoty ‘golden blood-red’, złotopłowy ‘golden tawny’); which affected the economy of his poetic expression. Thanks to the above-mentioned techniques the poet created a colourful language to describe animated and inanimate nature; he provided positively valorised descriptions of golden hair of some characters and the beauty of the artefacts that create material culture of the people.
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