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EN
The article embraces the period from 1997 to the end of year 2006 and focuses on two Congo's presidents at that time - Laurent Desire Kabila and his son Joseph Kabila. The first one overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko the former president and restored the name of the state from Zaire to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). His rule lasted for only four years. He seemed at that time as unprepared to exercise the leadership of so large and unstable African country. Political turmoil and economic collapse were a reason for the assassination attempt on his life. He was shot dead on 16th of January 2001. The power in the DRC was transferred to his son Joseph Kabila. At the beginning he was regarded as young and inexperienced politician. But finally he led to the establishing calm- ness after long civil war in the DRC and he declared the political reforms (among others new Constitution and universal presidential election, first since gaining independence in 1960). He created perspectives of political and economic stability for the DRC.
EN
The article focuses on political situation in Congo since independence in the context of the role of Joseph Kasavubu as the first president of the state and his political movement ABAKO. The period of his rule was abundant in many conflicts and wrong decisions which negatively impacted on internal situation. Author preciously presented facts and described Joseph Kasavubu relations with Patrice Lumumba and Moise Tshombe. The article includes also biography of Joseph Kasavubu.
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EN
The article presents the beginnings of the Democratic Republic of Congo and four politicians ruling one of the biggest African countries. The choice was not easy, but four of them are the most classic examples: Lumumba, Kasavubu, Tshombe and Mobutu. Those were the key statesmen in the Congo, who strongly influenced not only the creation of the independent country in the 60s, but also its turbulent times. Each of the presented figures aroused big emotions among the citizens of Congo, the whole African continent as well as the world community. The presence of huge natural resources and deliberate acts of manipulation by politicians are related.This can be an evidence of corruption and crime done by some politicians. Patrice Lumumba became the symbol of the African fight for freedom. The University of Nations in Moscow, which specialize in educating African personnel, was named after him. After Lumumba's death, Moise Tshombe was appointed Prime Minister by Joseph Kasavubu. Tshombe was dismissed in October 1965. In November 1965, in place of Kasavubu, General Joseph Mobutu was appointed President. During his presidency, which lasted 32 years, he strengthened the unity of the Congo, its connections which the western capital and he also went in to the history of his country as an original satrap.
EN
The Company presented in the article is one the biggest producer of copper and silver in the Word. What made Company very modern, is strict and respected environmental standards, high quality of products and existence on the biggest stocks exchange throughout the world. The developing direction was determined by strategy, which enforced on Company searching an access to cheap mine, which is also situated in Africa. The Company has been in the continent of Africa since 1997, when it obtained right to exploitation Kimpe bed. The bed is located in Shaba province which belongs to Democratic Republic of Congo. At the present time exploited bed by KGHM is continually transformed and modified. In addition there are new investments connected with new technology. Base on the led research it is under consideration a suggestion of buying up rights to exploitation very similar bed situated near the border with Democratic Republic of Congo, in Zambia. For KGHM Company and Polish economy these new challenges should be controlled in details to avoid mistakes which are related to specific nature of African continent, its phenomenon and constant lack of political and economy stabilization.
EN
The beginning of the article depicts the basic historical origins and influences of Islam both in Arab and Sub-Saharan Africa. The next concept is based on basic information on Islam in the context of the perception of the Western world. The article also tries to explain modern Islam on an example of selected African countries: Algeria, South Africa and Sudan. The next part of the article examines the case of Islam state based on the Shariat law.
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