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Szkoła totalna i karnawał żakowski. O "Syzyfowych pracach" jeszcze inaczej

100%
Chyła K.
Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media
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2021
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vol. 8
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issue 2
151-167
EN
This paper is an attempt at an untraditional reading of one of Stefan Żeromski’s widely known novels, Syzyfowe prace. In most cases this work is interpreted as a representation of cruel trials which boys and young men in 19th century Poland had to experience inside a tsarist highschool, where they were not permitted to use their mother tongue and fell prey to severe persecution due to their nationality. However, in this article a Russian highschool in a provincial Polish town, so eloquently and vividly portrayed by Żeromski, is recognized as a form of a total institution, one of those described by Erving Goffman. Permanent supervision and systemic violence is simply inherent to that place, any national issues notwithstanding. Despite being so objectified and oppressed, students find some strategies of rebellion that enables them to live through this degrading experience. To analyze these forms of subversive protest, I use Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of carnival and the culture of laughter.
2
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Szaleństwo i literatura. O Dziennikach Stefana Żeromskiego w perspektywie afektywnej

100%
Chyła K.
Przestrzenie Teorii
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2021
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issue 35
155-176
EN
Using the tools offered by affect theory, this article aims to present the theme of madness, its numerous incarnations and transformations in the text of the diaries that Stefan Żeromski left behind. Madness is depicted here as a phenomenon defying any kind of unambiguity; it can be anything from a secret of nature to be deciphered, through a creative frenzy of inspiration, to a state of apathy, sometimes interwoven with sudden ecstasy, triggered by the chronic hunger that Żeromski suffered as a young man, in other words: during his diarist period.
3
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Wielkie zmiany w małym mieście. Dobre i złe spotkania z nowoczesnością w Promieniu Stefana Żeromskiego

100%
Chyła K.
Tematy i Konteksty
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2022
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vol. 17
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issue 12
312-329
EN
This article analyses complex and ambiguous aspects of modernisation, depicted by Stefan Żeromski in his intriguing but rather obscure novel Promień [The Ray] (1898). The writer chooses a provincial town for his scenery – although based on Kielce, it is hidden with a fictional name – which experiences an industrial revolution in miniature. A railroad built in the area, old, solid shops and enterprises brought to death by the modern way of trade and a shockingly radical local newspaper ran by the novel’s protagonists are just a few most striking symptoms of that inevitable and unsettling process of change.
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano złożone i niejednoznaczne aspekty modernizacji,przedstawiony przez Stefana Żeromskiego w intrygującej, choć mało znanej powieści Promień (1898).
4
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Melancholia i mitologia. Noce i dnie a pokusy słabości

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Chyła K.
Tematy i Konteksty
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2018
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vol. 13
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issue 8
64-80
EN
The author analyzes tropes and techniques used in Maria Dąbrowska’s Noce i dnie both to describe and to simultaneously reject peculiarities of the melancholic identity. She also claims that, despite of abhorrence which such extreme ontological fragility seems to provoke in Dąbrowska’s world, novel as a whole manages to open itself discretely and sensitively to the several aspects of variously understood liquidity, weak subjectiviti and incomplete presence.
5
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Jak zwyciężyć nie walcząc? Dzienniki Żeromskiego a płeć pisania

100%
Chyła K.
Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media
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2021
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vol. 7
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issue 1
295-311
EN
This article presents Stefan Żeromski’s long journal-keeping practice used as a tool of more or less effective autotherapy and a private, self-governed course of creative writing. Making his way to Polish literature, Żeromski is first guided by his zealous and charismatic teacher from Kielce higschool, Antoni Gustaw Bem, who promotes an agonistic, harsh and aggressive vision of the cultural tradition and writing process which, for a modern ear, mirrors Harold Bloom’s anxiety of influence. However, his devoted and loving student finds another, milder perspective, built on enchantment, passion and the literary sense of belonging. Żeromski’s hot, somatic and extremely intimate attitude toward his work is illustrated by strikingly female writing metaphors such as novelist’s labor compared to the experience of pregnancy or to the activity of a spider persistently making its subtle web. In the second part of this article, the author aims to show that the critical discourse surrounding his profoundly involved literature, a discourse burdened with fear and abjection, bears a close resemblance to the methods of hushing and exorcising women’s voices identified as weird and hysterical.
6
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Finis coronat opus? O zakończeniach artykułów literaturoznawczych

51%
Chyła K., Garczarek K., Poręba I.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2021
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vol. 63
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issue 4
127-149
EN
The paper is an attempt to consider the issue that so far has not been discussed frequently in the Polish philological current. It focuses on the endings of 18 selected articles in the field of literary studies. Authors of textbooks on academic discourse argue that it is the ending that plays a fundamental role in the scientific discourse as a concluding, summarising, and potentially memorable part. This approach to a conclusion is often shared by scholars themselves, who choose different strategies with regard to endings of their articles. When studying articles published in the period of 2015‒2019, we identified about 15 different ending strategies, e.g. an apologia for a literary work selected by an author, suggestions for further research possibilities, an attractive punch line, and an quotation from another paper. As the analysis reveals, the conclusion of an academic article is not only a place for introducing conventional rhetorical figures; it also becomes the researchers’ contribution to the understanding of the role ascribed by literary-studies scholars to their own scientific practice.
PL
Niniejszy szkic stanowi próbę namysłu nad zagadnieniem rzadko dotąd obecnym w kręgu polskiej refleksji filologicznej. Skupiamy w nim uwagę na zakończeniach 18 wybranych artykułów literaturoznawczych. Właśnie w konkluzjach, jako mających zwieńczyć bądź streścić wywód i zakorzenić tekst w pamięci odbiorców, twórcy poradników i opracowań dotyczących dyskursu naukowego dostrzegają znaczenie fundamentalne. To przeświadczenie zdają się podzielać sami uczeni, obierający przy tworzeniu finałów różne strategie. W tekstach publikowanych od 2015 do 2019 r. wyodrębniamy tego typu strategii około 15: od apologii wybranego pisarstwa po propozycje dalszych ścieżek rozwoju konkretnych badań, od efektownej puenty po cytat z pracy, którą stworzył poprzednik. Jak ujawnia nasza analiza, podsumowanie tekstu naukowego nie jest jedynie miejscem wykorzystania konwencjonalnych retorycznych zabiegów. Staje się też przyczynkiem do zrozumienia roli przypisywanej własnej twórczości przez badaczy/badaczki literatury.
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