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Biblijne podstawy gerontologii

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DE
Der Autor bemüht sich, die das Alter im biblischen Aspekt betreffenden Fragen zu beantworten. Dies sind folgende Fragen: Wie wurden Alter und alte Menschen in altertümlichen Zivilisationen behandelt? Welche Funktionen wurden ihnen verliehen und worin wurden Vorzüge und Fehler bemerkt? Diese Fragen beantwortet der Autor, indem er die Problematik des Alters in außerbiblischer Umwelt analysiert. Anschließend berücksichtigt er den altertümlichen Nahen Osten, die griechische und römische Welt. In Anlehnung an das aus diesen Regionen geschöpfte Wissen analysiert er Bibeltexte, die das Alter und ältere Menschen betreffen (II). Seine Analysen beendend unterstreicht er die existenziale Überlieferung der biblischen Botschaft und stellt fest, dass das Alter „den gleichen Weg für alle Bewohner dieser Erde” darstellt (I Könige 2:2; Sir 8:7).
EN
The person of Henryk Przeździecki, the first bishop of the restored Diocese of Podlachia (i.e. Siedlce) is worth reminding in the 200-th aniversary of the foundation of the Diocese, due to his enormous services for the Church in Poland. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part is devoted to the biography of the bishop, and the second concentrates on the bishop’s activity related to the organisation and management of the diocese and as a member of the Episcopate of Poland. The third part presents an outline of the central institutions of the diocese organized by bishop Henryk Przeździecki. The last part focuses on the problem of Neo-Union in the Diocese of Siedlce.
EN
The history of Israel is connected with Abraham, who is depicted in the Bible not only in the genealogical sense – as the protoplast of the Israeli nation but also in the religious sense – as “the father of faith” for he is the pillar of both Jewish and Christian faith. Those who believe in one God, touch the person of Abraham, constantly refer to his experience of faith and reflect upon it themselves. The author of this paper focuses on the analysis of the problems contained in the following statement “Abraham – the father of faith in biblical tradition” The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the author presents Abraham as a historic figure, based on biblical and extra-biblical sources. The second part is devoted to the analysis of biblical sources that present Abraham as the father of “believers”. In the third part of the paper, the author discusses New Testament sources relating to the kerygma of Abraham, based on the Letter to the Romans, Letter to the Galatians, and Letter to the Hebrews.
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Szabat. Odpoczynek formą świętowania

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EN
The author discusses an extremely important problem, namely, the significance of rest in our lives. Nowadays, most people tend to allow little or no time for appropriate and adequate rest in order to maximize their performance and achieve professional goals, which is often done at the expense of their own health. Therefore, the problem of rest, in the biblical sense, deserves special attention. Such an analysis of rest is conducted by the author based on the Israeli Sabbath, which, at present, is a day off work and a holiday. First, the author analyzes the terminology and theological content related to the Sabbath. Then, the theory of the origins and sacralization of the Sabbath is presented. Another important aspect is an attempt to describe the rites and rituals connected with the Sabbath day as a celebration day, and not as an obligation imposed on people. The last part of the work contains the following conclusions about universal inspirations related to the Sabbath: 1. An important aspect of the Old Testament Sabbath (and Christian Sunday) is physical and mental regeneration, which allows people to appreciate the value of their lives and enjoy them during both hard work and the time of rest. 2. Rest has an intrinsic value (a value for its own sake), a health value (physical, mental and spiritual regeneration) and an instrumental value that creates an opportunity to fulfill one’s needs and aspirations. 3. Rest (the Sabbath – Sunday) is a time for family and serves to strengthen both family ties and community relations.
EN
The truth about the divinity of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the fundamental beliefs of the Christian faith. This article presents biblical texts that describe Jesus as the true God. First, the Old Testament prophecies about the Coming of the Messiah are presented. Then, the divine dignity of Jesus was shown based on the evangelical pericopes. Particular attention has been paid to the Resurrection of the Savior, which confirms His divinity. This truth is the basis for proclaiming the message about Jesus as the Son of God and for the formation of the first Christian communities.
PL
Prawda o boskości Jezusa z Nazaretu należy do głównych prawd chrześcijańskiej wiary. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano teksty biblijne, ukazujące Jezusa jako prawdziwego Boga. Najpierw przedstawiono starotestamentalne zapowiedzi dotyczące przyjścia Mesjasza. Następnie ukazano boską godność Jezusa w oparciu o perykopy ewangeliczne. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na zmartwychwstanie Zbawiciela, które potwierdza Jego boskość. To wydarzenie stanowi podstawę głoszenia prawdy o Jezusie jako Synu Bożym i kształtowania się pierwszych wspólnot chrześcijańskich.
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Biblijna koncepcja świętości

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EN
The concept of holiness is a highly complex area connected with God’s mystery in particular, but also referring to worship, morality, objects and space. In this article, the author analyses the Old and New Testaments texts and also extends the biblical image of holiness by the views included in the Dead Sea Scrolls and rabbinic theology. The study is ended in conclusions drawn from the research.
PL
Pojęcie „świętości” jest rzeczywistością niezwykle złożoną dotykającą przede wszystkim tajemnicy Boga, ale też swoim zakresem obejmującą obszar kultu, moralności, przedmiotów i przestrzeni. W niniejszym artykule autor analizuje teksty Starego i Nowego Testamentu, poszerza biblijny obraz świętości o wypowiedzi zawarte w pismach z Qumran i teologii rabinicznej. Rozważania kończy wnioskami z przeprowadzonych analiz.
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Mojżesz w historii zbawienia

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EN
Moses is undoubtedly one of the greatest biblical figures. His life and the role he played in the history of ancient Israel are exceptional. The paper is an attempt at a synthetic presentation of Moses' role in the history of salvation. In the first part the author analyzes the description of the birth of Moses and his mission, contained in the Pentateuch. The secondpart focuses on the analysis of the elements that make up the historical value of this figure, and the third part contains the analysis of the theological aspect of parallelism between Moses and Jesus.
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Biblijne podstawy mariologii

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EN
The author of the paper presents and explains the role of Mary in the plan of salvation based on texts included in the Old and the New testament. Biblical foundations of mariology can be found in the Old Testament in the Proto-Gospel (Genesis 3,15) and in the texts written by the following Prophets: Isaiah (7,14; 9,5–6;11,1–3.5.10), Zephaniah (3,13–17) and Zacharias (9,9–10), as well as in the New Testament – in the Gospels according to Luke, Mark and John. The author focuses on the main theological ideas contained in the tests.
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Kryzys w życiu proroka Eliasza

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EN
The Old Testament presents prophet Elijah as an uncompromising defender of Yahwism who saves the Israeli nation from religious syncretism prevailing in the times of king Ahab. Although Elijah left no written records, the role he played in the history of ancient Israel makes him one of the most remarkable figures in the Old Testament. The greatness of Elijah can be measured not only by his accomplishments in defending Yahwism but also by the ability to experience and overcome personal crises. The author begins his paper with a short analysis of the term ’crisis’, based on the Old and New Testament as well as apocryphal literature. Then, a biography of prophet Elijah is presented followed by the analysis of Elijah’s religious activity, taking into account the role of personal crises in his life. The author ends the paper by emphasizing the universal dimension of Elijah’s religious experience.
EN
Assumptions of gender ideology caused a lot of heated disputes among representatives of different directions in the humanities. The paper is an attempt to look at this issue in the light of the biblical message. However, to talk about gender in the light of the Bible, one must first explain the genesis and meaning of this phenomenon, which is presented in the first chapter of the article (I). The next chapter contains the assessment of gender ideology by the representatives of the Catholic Church in Poland (II). The last chapter of this paper is an analysis of the status of women in the family and in the society in the light of the Bible (III). The biblical depiction of women could be an important argument for the proper understanding of the ontological nature of woman and her place in the family, and thus a basis for the proper assessment of gender.
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PL
Jozue w Biblii przedstawiany jest jako „drugi” Mojżesz. W zamyśle autora biblijnego postać i dzieło Jozuego są przedstawiane na wzór Mojżesza: Jozue ma doprowadzić do końca dzieło Mojżesza, a więc zdobyć Izraela Ziemię Obiecaną. Wykonanie tego bożego nakazu ukazuje pierwsza część Księgi Jozuego (1,1-12,24): począwszy od Jerycha, Jozue zdobywa dla Izraela kolejne miasta i tereny Ziemi Obiecanej. Właśnie ta część Księgi Jozuego jest przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu. Opisy zdobywania poszczególnych miast i obszarów Kanaanu noszą znamiona tekstów historycznych; wyszczególnione są nazwy, liczby, przebieg operacji wojskowych oraz ich efekty. Tymczasem badania archeologiczne nie potwierdzają relacji ksiąg biblijnych o błyskawicznym podboju Kanaanu przez Izraelitów w XIII w., większość badaczy i egzegetów odrzuca dosłowne interpretacje biblijnych tekstów o podboju Kanaanu, ponieważ – jak uważają – opowieści te powstały dużo później niż same wydarzenia przez te opowieści opisywane. Jak interpretować tę niezgodność opisów biblijnych z opiniami badaczy opartych na wynikach badań archeologicznych i analizach egzegetycznych? Aby odpowiedzieć na te pytania autor artykułu dokonuje najpierw analizy głównych kampanii wojennych Jozuego (I), a następnie podejmuje próbę ich interpretacji w świetle danych archeologicznych (II).
EN
In the Bible, Joshua is presented as the “second” Moses. The biblical author presents the person and the work of Joshua using Moses as a model: Joshua is to finish the work of Moses, i.e. take possession of the Promised Land for the Israel. The fulfillment of God's order is described in the first part of the Book of Joshua (1:1-12:24): First, Joshua captures Jericho, followed by other cities and areas of the Promised Land. This is the part of the Book of Joshua that the paper is concerned with. Descriptions of the takings of individual cities and areas of Canaan have hallmarks of historic texts; they contain names, numbers, the course of military operations and their results. However, archaeological research do not confirm the instant conquest of Canaan by the Israeli in the 13th century, described in biblical texts, and, thus, most researchers and exegetes reject literal interpretation of biblical texts about the conquest of Canaan since they are of the opinion that these texts were written much later than the actual events described by them. How should this discrepancy between the biblical descriptions and the opinions of researchers based on the results of archaeological research and exegetic analyses be interpreted? To answer this question, the author of this paper first analyzes main military campaigns led by Joshua (I), and then attempts to interpret them in the light of archaeological data (II).
DE
Josue ist in der Bibel als „zweite“ Moses vorgestellt. Die Absicht des biblischen Autors ist die Vorstellung von Gestalt und Werk von Joshue nach dem Modell des Mose. Die Verwirklichung dieser göttlichen Ordnung zeigt der erste Teil des Buches von Josue (1,1-12,24): von Jericho Josue erobert für Israel Ortschaften und Territorien des Landes. Dieser Teil des Buches von Josue ist das Thema dieses Artikels. Die Beschreibungen des Erwerbs einzelner Städte und Regionen von Kanaan haben die Eigenschaften der historischen Texte (Namen, Zahlen, militärische Operationen, Auswirkungen). Die archäologischen Studien bestätigen nicht die Erzählung der Bibel über die rasche Eroberung des Kanaans durch die Israeliten in der dreizehnten Jahrhundert, weil diese Geschichten viel später als die Ereignisse von der Geschichte beschrieben wurden. Wie soll man die biblischen Beschreibungen und die Meinungen der Wissenschaftler interpretieren? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, macht der Autor zuerst die Analyse der wichtigsten Feldzüge von Josue (I), und dann versucht sie im Licht archäologischer Daten (II) zu interpretieren.
EN
Man as a social being was not born to live only for himself. He cannot do without another man at the material, spiritual, cultural and religious level; he cannot attain the stage of full spiritual development without belonging to a community of people. Therefore, the biblical imperative to love one’s neighbour is a fundamental law governing each human being’s life. In this paper, the author discusses the exact meaning of the imperative of love in the light of the Bible.
PL
Człowiek jako istota społeczna nie istnieje wyłącznie dla samego siebie. Nie może się obejść bez drugiego człowieka na poziomie materialnym, duchowym, kulturowym i religijnym; nie może osiągnąć pełni swego duchowego rozwoju bez wspólnoty z innymi ludźmi. Dlatego też biblijny nakaz miłości bliźniego stanowi podstawowe prawo w życiu każdego człowieka. Autor w niniejszym artykule rozważa jakie jest dokładne znaczenie nakazu miłości bliźniego w świetle Biblii.
EN
The paper outlines the origins, organisational structure and doctrine of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. Firstly, the author presents the problems with defining a sect, then illustrates the structure of the organisation together with its main representatives and the views held by them.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono genezę, strukturę organizacyjną i doktrynę Świadków Jehowy. Najpierw autor przedstawia problemy związane z definiowaniem sekty, następnie ilustruje strukturę organizacji wraz z jej głównymi przedstawicielami i wyznawanymi przez nich poglądami.
The Biblical Annals
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1984
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vol. 31
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issue 1
19-30
PL
Der Text Gen 1, 26-27 über den Menschen als „Bild Gottes” tritt ausser im Buch Genesis auch in anderen Texten des Alten Testaments auf (Sir 17, 1-4; Weish 2, 23; 7, 26). In der Fassung des Buches Genesis ist der Mensch das Bild Gottes durch seine Macht über die Welt der Schöpfung, welche ihm von Gott verliehen wurde. Die anderen Texte fügen hier den Gedanken hinzu, dass der Mensch das Bild Gottes durch seine geistige Ausstattung ist. Der Mensch ist gerade als geistiges, freies und verantwortliches Wesen das Bild Gottes. Aus der so begriffenen Idee des „Bildes Gottes” ergibt sich die ganze Würde der menschlichen Person, des einzigen Wesens, das Gott seiner selbst wegen gewollt hat.
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Prorocy a kult

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