Artykuł przedstawia Aleksandra Brücknera jako polskiego uczonego w Berlinie, przy czym chodzi głównie o jego obraz w oczach niemieckich slawistów. Autorka dokonuje przy tym rewizji surowej oceny, z jaką Brückner spotkał się w jej wychowanym na strukturalizmie pokoleniu. Brückner uchodzi nadal za „ikonę” berlińskiej slawistyki, a jego profesura ustanowiła wiele rekordów nie do pobicia, zarówno jeśli chodzi o wiek powołania na katedrę 24-latka, ponad czterdziestoletni okres jej trwania, jak i rozrzut proponowanych zajęć oraz ogrom pisanej spuścizny. Nic dziwnego, że ważne rocznice Brücknerowskie są traktowane jako okazja do spotkań naukowych (na Uniwersytecie Fryderyka Wilhelma w Bonn w 1978, Uniwersytecie Humboldtów w Berlinie w 1979, na berlińskim Wolnym Uniwersytecie w 1989 i ponownie na Uniwersytecie Humboldtów w 1999). Materiały z tych sympozjów nie są jednak w Polsce powszechnie dostępne, a opinie o berlińskim profesorze mniej znane.
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The paper presents Aleksander Brückner as a Polish scholar in Berlin. The focus is mainly on his picture in the eyes of German Slavists. The author revises the rigorous evaluation under which Brückner was placed by her generation raised on structuralism. Brückner is still considered an icon of Berlin Slavonic studies, and his professorship has set many unbeatable records, from assuming the office at the young age of 24 and holding it for forty years, to the wide diversity of proposed lectures and the magnitude of his written legacy. It is small wonder then, that Brückner anniversaries are still seen as opportunities for scholarly meetings (at the University of Bonn in 1978, the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1979, the Free University of Berlin in 1989 and again at the Humboldt University in 1999). Materials from these symposia, however, are not widely available in Poland, and the opinions on the Berlin professor less known.
This paper is an attempt to demonstrate the most signifi cant trends in the evolution of the grammatical system of the Polish language in the conventional period of the past century. Grammar, which determines the identity of a language, evolves much more slowly than vocabulary. The trend to simplify the system, which can be observed on the example of verbal infl ection (decline of the past perfect tense, immobilisation of personal suffi xes), and – to a lesser extent – nominal infl ection (regression of the vocative case), is one of intra-linguistic changes. Many changes have social grounds, e.g. the increase in the level of education and the culture of writing results in the progressing intellectualisation of forms of expression, which is manifested e.g. by using analytical prepositions in syntax or compounds in word formation. Finally, the changes in the social status of women are refl ected in the category of appellative feminatives and surnames. Observable at the end of the Modern Polish period, the trend to expose gender in language, which diminished in the post-war period of the Polish People’s Republic, has become more dynamic for the past two decades.