The article presents results of the study of environmental variables influencing location of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic settlement in Pojezierze Lubuskie. A new method of predicting archaeological sites location has been suggested, based on classification and regression trees (CART), including nine natural variables. A detailed model has been designed illustrating dependency between these natural variables and intensity of prehistoric activity. The study, results have been also presented on the map, which systematisies and presents, in a coherent manner, a model of human presence in Palaeolithic and esolithic periods.
This study presents the SALBEC – Soil ALBEdo Calculator – a Python library and Graphical User Interface designed to predict the diurnal variation of the clear-sky albedo based on the soil surface properties. Such predictions are becoming more and more necessary with the increasing role of remote measurements. The software uses the following input parameters: the soil spectrum, soil roughness, day of the year (DOY) and sample location. It returns the diurnal albedo variation and, as a unique feature, optimal observation time in the form of tables and graphs as out-puts. Models created with the SALBEC were compared with the data acquired under near clear-sky conditions. The comparison shows that the differences between the models and measured data do not exceed the variation of input parameters. The software is directed towards scientists and professionals who require precise estimations of the albedo of soils for different field observation times. Our software is issued as free and open source software (FOSS) and is publicly available at https://github.com/jarekj71/salbec.
The paper presents an application of interpretative machine learning to identify groups of lakes not with similar features but with similar potential factors influencing the content of total phosphorus – Ptot. The method was developed on a sample of 60 lakes from North-Eastern Poland and used 25 external explanatory variables. Selected variables are stable over a long time, first group includes morphometric parameters of lakes and the second group en- compass watershed geometry geology and land use. Our method involves building a regression model, creating an ex- plainer, finding a set of mapping functions describing how each variable influences the outcome, and finally clustering objects by ’the influence’. The influence is a non-linear and non-parametric transformation of the explanatory variables into a form describing a given variable impact on the modeled feature. Such a transformation makes group data on the functional relations between the explanatory variables and the explained variable possible. The study reveals that there are five clusters where the concentration of Ptot is shaped similarly. We compared our method with other numerical analyses and showed that it provides new information on the catchment area and lake trophy relationship.
The document from 1422, published in Codex Diplomatics Maioris Poloniae (volume VIII, 1989, No. 935), refers to a fortified mansion from Błażejewo at the Bnin Lake, located about 25 km SE from Poznań. The article presents results of archaeological and geological search of this construction that was undertaken in the year 2000. It was further confronted with other written sources referring to medieval history of two Wielkopolska magnate’s houses: Grzymała and Łodzia-Bniński. The article is an important contribution to the recognition of the late medieval fortified architecture in the Wielkopolska region.
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