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1

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ АРТ-ТЕРАПІЇ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРЕДМЕТУ «ОСНОВИ ЗДОРОВ’Я» У ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНІХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ

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Ольховик А., Мордвінова І.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2016
|
issue 5(59)
329-335
EN
The main task of the modern school is provision benign, health-saving educational environment, it is possible through renovation of curriculum, plans and methods of conducting classes, educational activities and organization of teaching and education of using the latest technologies of health-saving. The purpose of the article is to reveal the nature and content of art therapy and the main conditions for their successful use on the lessons of health basics in elementary school. Under the theme and purpose, the following tasks are defined: identify aspects of educational activities using art therapy at the lessons «Fundamentals of health» in the primary school; determine the effectiveness of the use of one type of health-saving technology. To achieve this goal and resolve identified tasks the following methods were used: analysis of methodological and educational materials and teacher’s observation. Health-saving process of introducing technology in the educational process of primary schools includes a number of components, one of which is art therapy. A variety of forms of art therapy allows to use it at different stages of the lesson: actualization of basic knowledge of primary school children; learning new material; consolidation of the acquired knowledge and skills; during physical workout etc. Despite the variety of art-therapy types that primary school teachers use such types of art therapy attracted our attention: tales-therapy, play therapy and musical therapy which are used at the lessons of «Fundamentals of health» as a way to motivate the learner to permanent healthy lifestyles and safe life. The main task of the tales-therapy during teaching «Fundamentals of health» are: modeling specific situations, their staging; discussing the behavior of the characters; separation of positive and negative traits of the fairytale characters, which is aimed at improving the efficiency of practice of learner. Game-therapy is one of the most effective forms of work with children, which helps to interest and encourage them to study and assimilation of a new material. At all the lessons teachers use a method of health-saving technology like music therapy. This method is combined with exercises for eyes, finger exercises, acupressure, active physical training workouts, and breathing exercises by O. M. Strelnikova, accompanied by appropriate music, dance moves, poetry and video files. One of the interesting and effective methods of health-saving technology is aromatherapy, which helps stimulate brain activity of children to focus their attention and conduct disease prevention. Analysis of modern scientific and methodological literature, summarizing the experience of leading experts indicate that the implementation of such health-saving technology as art therapy is not justified and not completely investigated in the study process of school subject «Fundamentals of health» in primary school. Prospects for further research are related to the study of the effectiveness and methodology of lessons «Fundamentals of health» and the use of art therapy in secondary schools.
2

ДІАГНОСТИКА НЕУСПІШНОСТІ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ У ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНІХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ

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Кондратюк С., Мордвінова І.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2016
|
issue 5(59)
297-307
EN
The problem of underachievement of primary and secondary school pupils today is and will be the most urgent. Underachievement is a comprehensive unpreparedness of the learner which occurs at the end of a certain period of training. Diagnosis of poor progress and classification of the student to a particular type of underachieving is possible only if we know the totality of types and subtypes of failure, their manifestations and ways to overcome. The problem of poor progress of students in secondary and especially primary school always attracted the attention of teachers, both scientists and practitioners. Among the prominent scientists who were involved in this problem, put forward their theories and methods to overcome the poor process, are U. Hilbuh, V. Tsetlin, V. Grishin, U. Babanskii, M. Paltyshev, N. Menchinskay, V. Kuznetsov and many others who proposed the ways of overcoming pupils’ poor progress, developed programs and methods of its elimination. The purpose of the article is to reveal the ways to prevent and eliminate underachievement of junior pupils in primary schools. To achieve this goal the following objectives should be realized: to classify the causes of poor progress of pupils and determine the forms and methods of liquidation of poor progress of primary school children. Methods of research – analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation and pedagogycal experiment. The vast intellectual unpreparedness of primary school children to learning directly leads to the underachievement of educational activities, inability to meet the requirements of teachers and therefore to low ratings. Modern pedagogy has collected a lot of experience to overcome the poor process of school children. Analysis of various practical means reveals some fundamental provisions in the diagnosis of poor process, one of which is psychological diagnostics. It is aimed at early detection of child’s readiness for school, determining the type of mental deviation of primary school children and under this plan purposeful educational influences in learning and education. One criterion for the effectiveness of school psychological diagnostics is to control the execution of written and independent work in Ukrainian language, mathematics, literary reading, science. Thus, the optimal system of measures is aimed at helping underachieving pupils to overcome gaps in knowledge in further training activities. Prospects for further reseach are seen in revealing system of means of junior pupils underachievement prevention in primary schools.
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