The subject of the article is the review of the book Jubilee and modern. The Cyrillo-Methodian narrative during socialism in Bulgaria by the Polish-Bulgarian scholar Ewelina Drzewiecka (2020). Her monograph is an analysis of the jubilee editions dedicated to the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius and their disciples which were published in socialist Bulgaria. The author’s aim is to trace “the Cyrillo-Methodian story” and turn it into a key for understanding the Bulgarian collective memory for the period between 1944 and the1980s. E. Drzewiecka uses Mary Douglas’ theoretical formulations of the history of ideas and the anthropology of institutions as well as Jan and Aleida Assmann’s concept of cultural memory.
The paper discusses some of the initial points, mainly in Bulgaria, of the scholarly interest in the achievements of the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius. Firstly, the term kirilometodievistika (‘Cyrillo-Methodian Studies’) is discussed along with its scope and development in Bulgaria. Secondly, special attention is given to the usage of the terms kirilometodievistika, kirilometodievist(i) (‘specialist(s) in Cyrillo-Methodian Studies’), Kirilo-Metodiev (‘belonging to or associated with Cyril and Methodius’), kirilo-metodievski (‘of or relating to the Cyrillo-Methodian Studies’), Kirilov (‘belonging to or associated with Cyril’), kirilski (‘Cyrillic; of or relating to the study of the life and work of Cyril’), Metodiev (‘belonging to or associated with Methodius’), metodievski (‘Methodian; of or relating to the study of the life and work of Methodius’) and other terms linked to them. Clarification of philological terms and orthographic norms is closely connected to the stages of the establishing of Cyrillo-Methodian Studies as a branch of philology.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest zaczątkiem badań naukowych nad dziedzictwem świętych braci Cyryla i Metodego w Bułgarii i związaną z nimi terminologią. Analizie poddano różne, czasami pokrywające się terminy, takie jak „кирилометодиевистика” (‘studia cyrylo-metodiańskie’, ‘studia cyrylo-metodejskie’), „кирилометодиевист(и)” (‘specjalista z dziedziny cyrylo-metodiańskiej’), „Кирило-Методиев”, „кирило-методиевски” (‘cyrylo-metodiański’, ‘cyrylo-metodejski’), „Кирилов” (‘odnoszący się do św. Cyryla’), „кирилски” (‘cyrylicki’), „Методиев”, „методиевски” (‘metodejski’, ‘metodiański’) itp. Ustalenie i wyjaśnienie omawianej terminologii i norm ortograficznych z nią związanych, pozostaje w bezpośrednim związku z etapami rozwoju badań cyrylo-metodiańskich jako odrębnej dziedziny filologii.
The present number 2 of “Studies into the History of the Book and Book Collections” (“Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi”) journal is dedicated to the Cyrillo-Methodian literary culture seen from a historical perspective, as well as to the scholarly research on the topic. All studies included in the edition are interconnected since they focus on Slavonic, Greek, and Latin works related to the Cyrillo-Methodian subject. At the centre of the research field are the lives and the works of Constantine-Cyril the Philosopher and his brother Methodius, canonized as saints already in the Middle Ages and in more recent years declared as co-patrons of Europe. Born in Thessaloniki, they grew up in the bilingual Greek-Slavonic milieu of their hometown receiving the highest education in the Byzantine capital. Later, they became Christian missionaries on behalf of the Byzantine emperor, who sent them out to the Khazars, the Saracens and the Western Slavs. It was for the benefit of the Slavs of Great Moravia that Constantine-Cyril the Philosopher and Methodius devised the first Slavonic alphabet, called the Glagolitic alphabet (the name comes from the Old Slavonic word глаголат - I speak). By virtue of this achievement they were regarded as the first educators of the Slavs, and after their death were venerated as Slavonic saints of both the Eastern Orthodox and the Western Roman Catholic Churches. Included in the Cyrillo-Methodian subject are all sources related to the saintly brothers (especially the earliest ones dated to the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century), their own philological work (the Slavonic alphabet and their original literary compositions, as well as the first translations of the Bible to Old Church Slavonic). The scholarly research on the topic extends also to the teaching and literary activities of the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius, and further to every literary and artistic work related to the Cyrillo-Methodian traditions from the 12th century to the present day. Already in the Middle Ages these works were considered Slavonic, while today in the Western vocabulary the language of Cyril and Methodius is known as Old Church Slavonic. In Bulgaria this language is called Old Bulgarian since the first Slavonic alphabet displays the characteristic features of old local variants of the Bulgarian language. Intended for the lands of Prince Rastislav, travelling to Venice and Rome, in the end of the 9th century, after the deaths of Cyril and Methodius, the Glagolitic alphabet arrived in Bulgaria, and the work of the saintly brothers saw its continuity and flourish among the Bulgarians. Furthermore, the second Slavonic alphabet, named after St Cyril and known as Cyrillic around the world, was created in Bulgaria. In the Middle Ages, the Cyrillic alphabet
The article describes two Cyrillic Gospels from the Kórnik Library: BK 11985 and BK 896. It presents the cultural context of their creation, as well as their history, content, illuminations and a short lexical description. Both codices were the result of a cultural and spiritual revival in the Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Both of them were luxury, professionally made goods; their copyists were experienced specialists. BK 896 represents a higher level of artistry. In view of their lexical characteristics, the manuscripts can be classified as the third so-called Mount Athos-Tyrnovo linguistic redaction of the Gospel.
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