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PL
recenzja tekstu: Tomasz Kuczur, Przestępstwo szpiegostwa w Polsce w XX i XXI wieku. Polityka kryminalna, zakres kryminalizacji, uwarunkowania systemowe, Bydgoszcz 2020, ss. 704
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EN
The subject of the considerations is a presentation of the legal regulation of espionage in the legislation of the Second Republic of Poland. The author begins them with a concise analysis of the regulations of the penal codes of the former occupying states which were binding until the settlement of the Polish regulations. Then the codifying works undertaken by the Codification Commission, whose result was the Penal Code of 1932 are mentioned. The author proceeds to analyze the regulations contained in the ordinance of the President of Poland concerning punishments for espionage and other crimes against the state of 16 February 1928, as well as those in the ordinance of the President of Poland relating to certain crimes against the security of the state of 24 October 1934. Data concerning prosecution and punishment for espionage in the Second Republic of Poland were also presented.
EN
The aim of this article is to present some aspects of the offence of failure to report for active military service. Attention is paid to the causative act of “failure to report” to perform service. It causes controversy in judicial practice, hence the interference by the Supreme Court was necessary. Some new legal solutions contained in the Homeland Defence Act that may be useful in relying on Article 144 of the Penal Code are also discussed.
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań zawartych w artykule będzie przedstawienie niektórych aspektów przestępstwa niezgłoszenia się do pełnienia czynnej służby wojskowej. Zostanie zwrócona uwaga na czynność sprawczą, która polega na „niezgłoszeniu się” do odbywania służby. Zagadnienie to wywołuje kontrowersje w praktyce sądowej. Stąd konieczna stała się ingerencja Sądu Najwyższego. W artykule omówiono także niektóre nowe rozwiązania prawne zawarte w ustawie o obronie Ojczyzny, które mogą być przydatne w stosowaniu art. 144 Kodeksu karnego.
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EN
The article provides insights into terrorism financing considered in light of international regulations (UN, EU Commission, Council of Europe). It refers to elements of financial crime, as defined in Article 165a of the Polish Criminal Code, and the need to revise the rules surrounding the subject of these crimes. The tasks carried out by the General Inspector of Financial Information and the Internal Security Agency are presented in relation to prevention and fight against terrorism financing.
PL
This paper is devoted to legal aspects of an eventual vindication of the former deputies to the Parliament who were sentenced in the so-called Brześć case. The author describes the background to the trial and its course, analyzes the Presidential Decree of 31 October 1939 on amnesty of the convicted, deputies’ interpellations and the bill on vindication of the sentenced. However, those initiatives did not achieve a positive effect because of the end of the VIIth term of the Sejm.
EN
The subject of this article is the authorization of intelligence services in preventing and combating the offences of espionage and terrorism. It describes the regulations of the Second Polish Republic regarding espionage, a draft Act on Intelligence Activities, the rule of law and opportunism, and most importantly new regulations under the anti-terrorism law.
EN
As so far, the research issues that J. Widacki and A. Szuba-Boroń became interested in have not been the subject of scientific interests. During the diplomatic mission in Vilnius, J. Widacki continued his scientific interests, reaching the files of espionage cases dated from the interwar period. On the other hand, A. Szuba-Boroń examined, inter alia, the files of espionage cases, dealing with the prose of Sergiusz Piasecki, the writer and former spy. The picture of a border, and in it the struggle of Soviet, Lithuanian and Polish intelligence services is undoubtedly an interesting background for research. The authors are aware of the research limitations, as they did not reach the cases tried in other Regional Courts, located in the territory of the then – Republic of Poland. They realistically estimate that finding and examining all of the criminal espionage cases pending before the courts of the Second Polish Republic seem to be impossible today. The undertaken research efforts are worth to be emphasized.
PL
Problematyka badawcza, którą zainteresował się J. Widacki i A. Szuba-Boroń, nie była dotąd przedmiotem zainteresowań naukowych. J. Widacki podczas sprawowania misji dyplomatycznej w Wilnie kontynuował swoje zainteresowania naukowe, docierając do akt spraw o szpiegostwo z okresu międzywojennego. Natomiast A. Szuba-Boroń, badając m.in. akta spraw o szpiegostwo, zajęła się prozą Sergiusza Piaseckiego, pisarza i byłego szpiega. Obraz pogranicza, a w nim walka wywiadów sowieckiego, litewskiego oraz polskiego kontrwywiadu to niewątpliwie interesujące tło do badań. Autorzy zdają sobie sprawę z ograniczeń badawczych, nie dotarli bowiem do spraw sądzonych w innych sądach okręgowych znajdujących się na terenie ówczesnej Rzeczypospolitej. Realnie oceniają, że wyszukanie, a także przebadanie wszystkich spraw karnych o szpiegostwo toczonych przed sądami II Rzeczypospolitej nie wydaje się dziś możliwe. Podjęty trud badawczy zasługuje na podkreślenie.
Ius Novum
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2012
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vol. 6
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issue 1
185-191
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