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Ukryte w języku aspekty przygotowania dzieci do szkoły

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Szyling G.
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
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2017
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vol. 13
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issue 2(37)
41-54
EN
In this paper I reconstruct the image of school generated by children a short while before they cross their first educational threshold. I am interested in the aspect of school readiness hidden in language, which is anchored in culture, social life and children’s experiencing of the world. The theoretical basis for the conducted analyses is the linguistic theory also known as the Sapir- Whorf hypothesis, which is complemented by the psychological concept of cognitive schemata and their role of in the process of discovering reality. The data was collected through group interviews conducted with kindergarten children focused on the issue. The language image of the schools’ world generated by children and reconstructed in the analysis conforms to the concept of transmissive education dominating in the Polish society, which positively values blind obedience and observance of other people’s instructions as the strategy of learning. The paradox is that the cognitive schemata that the children have been equipped with are suitable for what is demanded of them at the stage of early education. Their impact paralysing the development of a person can only be seen when the perspective is changed and “the school is thought of differently”.
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Ewaluacja szkolnych systemów oceniania uczniów. Poszukiwanie znaczeń

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Szyling G.
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
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2015
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issue 4(238)
66-80
EN
In the text a critical reflection is undertaken on the evaluation of school assessment systems treated as a social category, “pulsating” due to its relation to its changeable context. Analyses have revealed an extensive realm of reduction of meanings and values carried out in the course of assessment systems creation and design, and throughout performance of their evaluation. One of the effects of those actions is dissonance between records in documents and their practical dimension. In turn, the picture of school reality, simplified and subjected to external evaluation procedures, does not so much block a change it does not make it possible to recognise its need should it not fall within the need to meet uniform requirements of the state regarding education. The same logic results in internal evaluation in the school assessment system being granted the status of undisputed yardstick for the educational reality, which, should such a need arise, must be changed for them to better match the procedures formulated in the document. The text concludes with a question on the need of assessment and values connected with it, the reading of which in the context of specified horizon of meanings may prevent assessment systems from their axiological dimension being reduced, or solidify the current form confined to a set of procedures, whose deeper sense is not reflected on by anyone at school. The latter option does not imply elimination of problems with assessment but those problems remaining unspoken of and their further increase.
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Koncepcja walidacji efektów uczenia się: obszary pedagogicznych redukcji i ich (nie)zamierzonych skutków

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Szyling G.
Rocznik Andragogiczny
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2016
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vol. 23
169-189
EN
The paper is an attempt to problematize the concept of the validation of learning outcomes, which is a component of the process of recognition of qualifications. Viewing it from the perspective of the policy of simplicity (Krajewski 2013) makes it possible to trace areas, generated by its subject matter and practical applications, of utilitarian reductions of complex educational and social reality. The recognition of the character of these reductions and their potential consequences have been subjected to the sequential logic of analytic categories derived from the unitary theory of validity by Samuel Messick (1989). The analyses conducted unravel superficial atheoreticalness and neutrality of validation and the role which in the process of its implementation and popularisation is played by creation of a “new” language, essentially tainted with liberal newspeak (Bihr 2008). The reflections undertaken confirm that effects possible to observe and anticipate of numerous simplifications, exclusions and concealments have generated a procedurally complex and unclear picture of social knowledge and educational action, in which only a group of narrowly specialised experts efficiently move. The conclusion contains the thesis that the fact of the concept of the validation of learning outcomes being appropriated by one discourse ideologically subservient to the neoliberal concept of education creates conditions favouring construction of a world of pretences and axiological relativism, which can be prevented by multi-faceted and critical reflection on it, open to reality.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą sproblematyzowania koncepcji walidacji efektów uczenia się będącej częścią procesu uznawania kwalifikacji. Spojrzenie na nią z perspektywy polityki prostoty (Krajewski 2013) pozwala śledzić wytwarzane przez jej merytoryczną koncepcję i praktyczne aplikacje obszary utylitarnego redukowania złożonej rzeczywistości edukacyjnej i społecznej. Rozpoznanie charakteru tych redukcji oraz ich możliwych konsekwencji zostało podporządkowane logice następstwa kategorii analitycznych zaczerpniętych z unitarnej teorii trafności Samuela Messicka (1989). Przeprowadzone analizy ujawniają pozorną ateoretyczność i neutralność walidacji oraz rolę, jaką w procesie jej wdrażania i popularyzowania odgrywa kreowanie „nowego” języka, w gruncie rzeczy skażonego liberalną nowomową (Bihr 2008). Podjęte rozważania potwierdzają, że możliwe do zaobserwowania i antycypowane skutki rozlicznych uproszczeń, wykluczeń i przemilczeń wygenerowały złożony proceduralnie i niejasny obszar społecznej wiedzy oraz edukacyjnego działania, w którym sprawnie porusza się tylko grupa wąsko wyspecjalizowanych ekspertów. W konkluzji sformułowano tezę, że zawłaszczenie koncepcji walidacji efektów uczenia się przez jeden dyskurs, ideologicznie podporządkowany neoliberalnej koncepcji edukacji, stwarza warunki sprzyjające budowaniu świata pozorów i aksjologicznego relatywizmu, czemu zapobiec może wieloaspektowy i krytyczny nad nią namysł, otwarty na realność.
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