Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 41

first rewind previous Page / 3 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 3 next fast forward last
EN
The social teaching of the Catholic Church is a doctrine on matters of poverty and wealth, economics, social organization and the role of the state. The principles of Catholic social teaching are: human dignity, love, truth, freedom, justice, solidarity, subsidiarity, participation, preferential option for the poor and vulnerable, dignity of work and the rights of workers and care for God’s creation. Several organs of the Holy See are dedicated to social issues, among others the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. Although blessed with a wealth of natural resources, Africa is the poorest continent. Poverty is understood in many different ways, but most commonly it is described as an economic condition where one lacks both money and the basic necessities that are needed to successfully survive. Many people in Africa still live in abject poverty because of bad governance, corruption and human irresponsibility. Many Africans are also victims of diseases such as AIDS and malaria. In this situation the Catholic Church can play a critical role by advocating for economic justice and eradication of poverty from Africa. The Catholic Church in Africa, which calls herself the Family of God, undertakes many actions against the poverty, such as: education, health, aid to the needy, development projects, defence of human rights, and the commitment to bring about democracy and legally constituted states. Making his first trip to Africa, Pope Benedict XVI said the Catholic Church can help to bring an answers to the continent's chronic problems, including poverty, AIDS and tribalism.
Cywilizacja i Polityka
|
2017
|
vol. 15
|
issue 15
347-361
EN
Austria is a country that in politics is guided by pragmatism. The main determinant of what is politically correct or not, it is the national interest. This approach is revealed in the past and present, including the question of the migrant community. It does not matter whether we are dealing with economic or political migrants or refugees. Since the sixties Austria is becoming a popular country where newcomers sought a better life. Many guest workers came then from Turkey and Yugoslavia. On the one hand, the Austrian authorities legally regulated migration and offered access to employment, on the other hand they tried to avoid restrictions. This pragmatic approach was due to favourable economic conditions prevailing in Austria. A similar situation we face today. The authorities want to control the influx of foreigners into Austria and at the same time without any restrictions they let in to the country people describing themselves as refugees. The presence of foreigners is an important part of the political game. Left-wing parties recognize that immigrants are important voters. Their representatives want in this way to gain popularity among Austrians who fear the negative impact of the influx of foreigners and promoted multiculturalism policy. A negative consequence of the Austrian pragmatism is highly critical assessment of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which do not support naive Germany’s policy in relation to the latest wave of newcomers. Austria, which in the past was seen as a bridge between the West and the East, has lost the support of the criticized countries, including Poland.
PL
Austria jest krajem, który w swej polityce kieruje się (w przeszłości i obecnie) pragmatyzmem, tj. interesem narodowym, będącym wyznacznikiem tego, co jest akceptowalne, a co nie. Interes narodowy jest istotnym faktorem w ramach uprawianej tam polityki migracyjnej i nie ma znaczenia czy chodzi o imigrantów ekonomicznych, czy o uchodźców. Od lat 60. XX w. Austria jest postrzegana jako miejsce, w którym można znaleźć lepsze życia. To dlatego przybywali tam licznie gastarbeiterzy z Jugosławii i Turcji. Politycy austriaccy podejmowali działania mające na celu kontrolowanie napływu robotników cudzoziemskich – preferowano tych przydatnych dla miejscowej gospodarki, a jednocześnie niestanowiących zagrożenia dla rodzimej siły roboczej. Z podobną sytuacją mamy do czynienia w czasach obecnych. Imigranci mają nie tylko ekonomiczne, lecz także polityczne znaczenie. Partie lewicowe postrzegają w nich okazję do wzmocnienia swych wpływów. Z szeregów imigranckich wywodzą się bowiem w większości ich wyborcy. Partie prawicowe starają się zaś pozyskać przychylną opinię tej części elektoratu, która nie godzi się na przyjmowanie większej ilości przybyszów. Specyficznym aspektem austriackiego pragmatyzmu jest wypowiadanie krytycznych opinii wobec państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, które nie wspierają niemieckiej willkommenskultur. Austria, która w przeszłości była postrzegana jako most łączący Wschód z Zachodem, straciła w oczach krytykowanych krajów, w tym Polski.
EN
European settlement in South Africa began in the 17th century. The first settlers came to be known as Boers. Their numbers grew gradually, as more Dutch and German arrived and Huguenots were fleeing before persecution in France. The Boer colonists, mostly farmers, soon developed their own distinctive culture and language (Afrikaans). At the beginning of the 19th century thousands of British colonists arrived in South Africa. Discrimination against non-whites was inherent in the South African society from the earliest days. South African blacks had the lowest status in the white-dominated state. In the 1948 elections, the National Party led by Daniel Malan, won and began to implement its concept of apartheid, which was designed to separate the races economically, politically, geographically, and socially. After anti-apartheid riots which resulted in the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960, the government banned all black-African political organizations. Apartheid was criticized internationally and many countries imposed economic sanctions on South Africa because of it. Archbishop Desmond Tutu was one of the prominent critics of apartheid. He advocated reform of South Africa's system of institutionalized racial discrimination and decried political violence by any group. He was a leading proponent of sanctions to force the South African government to alter its policies by economic pressure. In 1984 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of the courage and heroism shown by black South Africans in their use of peaceful methods in the struggle against apartheid. In 1984 he was appointed the bishop of Johannesburg. Two years later he was elected the archbishop of Cape Town, the head of the Anglican Church in South Africa. Archbishop Tutu resumed his pastoral duties while retaining an influential position in his country. 1995-1998 he was a chairman of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, set up to investigate political crimes and human rights abuses by both sides during the apartheid period. In 1996 he retired as Archbishop of Cape Town, while retaining his political responsibilities.
EN
René Girard, the French-American literary critic and anthropologist, gives us the mimetic theory, which turns out to be an interesting tool for the interpretation of human relationships. It is based on the analysis of works of the world literature, including myths and the Bible. As a part of human nature mimesis leads to a conflict and at the same time it saves through a scapegoat. This is reflected in religious rituals, which are the first human institutions leading directly to a political institution – to the monarchy. The reality of the victim is firmly anchored in human culture, including the contemporary, despite the fact that it does not see this. This applies to all circles of civilization, including the West.  
PL
René Girard, the French-American literary critic and anthropologist, gives us the mimetic theory, which turns out to be an interesting tool for the interpretation of human relationships. It is based on the analysis of works of the world literature, including myths and the Bible. As a part of human nature mimesis leads to a conflict and at the same time it saves through a scapegoat. This is reflected in religious rituals, which are the first human institutions leading directly to a political institution – to the monarchy. The reality of the victim is firmly anchored in human culture, including the contemporary, despite the fact that it does not see this. This applies to all circles of civilization, including the West.
10
100%
EN
Modern Algeria does not constitute a serious matter in Polish media. An occasion to hear about this country lately, was a terrorist attack occurred on the 11 April 2007 during which 33 people got killed and 200 got injured. The ruling party which has been in power since 1962 had decided to create a new Algeria as a socialist state. Typical problems for such countries like waste, corruption or nepotism have emerged immediately. The Algerian industry, aside from petroleum or gas extract was running a deficit. The low pace of economic development, unemployment and substantial growth of birth rate have generated social problems. The Islamic fundamentalists, with the consent of state authorities, seized an opportunity. An attempt of cutting their influence has led to civil war, which took place during the last decade of the 20th century. Many people expect that after parliamentary elections (17 May 2007) and long-awaited death of the ill president Abdul-Aziz Bouteflika the situation will improve.
EN
THE GREENS IS a political party in the Austrian parliament. The party was formed in 1986 with the name the Green Alternative, following the merger of the more conservative Green party United Greens of Austria (VGÖ, founded 1982) and the more progressive party Alternative List Austria (ALÖ, founded 1982). Apart from ecological issues such as environmental protection, the Greens also campaign for the rights of minorities and advocate a socioecological tax reform. Their basic values according to their charter in 2001 are: ecology, solidarity, self-determination, direct democracy, non-violence and feminism. The Green Party wants to make women completely equal to men in all areas by: helping women in education and further education, increasing the amount of opportunities for women, guaranteeing the right for childcare, splitting the responsibilities of the home and of work fairly between partners.
EN
„Der Spiegel" is one of the most influential weekly magazines of German spoken countries. It has an edition of over one million copies. About seven million people read it weekly, while the Internet edition of „Der Spiegel" („Spiegel Online") is visited over 60 million times a month. Articles, which are published in „Der Spiegel", concern different issues of the modern society: policy, economy, science, culture and religion. The following article is a reference to the situation of Islam in the modern Africa in the light of publications from „Der Spiegel" which were published from 2000 to 2003. It is a conscious choice. The event of the 11th September 2001 makes here some kind of a time axis. The Spiegel journalists, who write on Africa, concentrate mainly on political, economic and social questions while the religious reality of the African Islam they consider superficial. It is worth mentioning, that the African Islam is not presented in the white-black way. They show the present situation in Africa under the influence of different factors among which the tribal (clan) structure is one of the most important. The western society often underestimates this social situation in Africa.
EN
Adam Zieliński (1929–2010) grew up before World War II in Stryj, a town in southern Poland. A happy childhood in a Jewish intellectual family turned into a traumatic experience related to German terror. After the war, he left for Cracow, finished his studies, got married and started working in the radio. The change in the political situation influenced the decision to emigrate to Vienna, where he achieved economic and literary success. In his literary work, he presents Galician Jews, who were a parallel and at the same time close community to Poles and Ukrainians. In Vienna, Jews and Poles struggle with the reluctance of the Austrians. Zieliński experiences this in two ways – as a Jew and a Pole in one person. He presents the related problems in an interesting way in his novels and short stories. In articles on social subjects, he sets himself another task – to work for reconciliation between Poles and Jews, and thus between Christianity (Catholicism) and Judaism. As an author of literary works, Zieliński fulfils his task well. Writing on social topics, marked by oversensitivity, leads him to express unfair opinions that do not serve the Polish-Jewish rapprochement.
PL
Adam Zieliński (1929–2010) wychowywał się przed II wojną światową w Stryju, mieście w południowej Polsce. Szczęśliwe dzieciństwo w inteligenckiej rodzinie żydowskiej zamieniło się w traumatyczne doświadczenie związane z niemieckim terrorem. Po wojnie wyjeżdża do Krakowa, kończy studia, żeni się i rozpoczyna pracę w radiu. Zmiana sytuacji politycznej wpłynęła na decyzję o emigracji do Wiednia, gdzie odniósł sukces gospodarczy i literacki. W swej twórczości prezentuje galicyjskich Żydów, którzy stanowili paralelną, a zarazem bliską społeczność do Polaków i Ukraińców. W Wiedniu Żydzi i Polacy zmagają się z niechęcią Austriaków. Zieliński doświadcza tego w dwójnasób – jako Żyd i Polak w jednej osobie. Związane z tym problemy w interesujący sposób uwypukla w powieściach i opowiadaniach. W publicystyce stawia przed sobą inne zadanie – działać na rzecz pojednania między Polakami i Żydami, a co za tym idzie między chrześcijaństwem (katolicyzmem) i judaizmem. Jako literat Zieliński dobrze wywiązuje się z postawionego sobie zadania, publicystyka zaś, naznaczona przewrażliwieniem, prowadzi go do wypowiadania krzywdzących opinii, niesłużących zbliżeniu polsko-żydowskiemu.
17
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Recenzja publikacji

100%
PL
Wojciech Grabowski (2020), Współpraca regionalna państw autorytarnych. Studium przypadku arabskich państw Bliskiego Wschodu, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk, s. 234.
PL
Wypracowana przez René Girarda teoria mimetyczna jest narzędziem mającym zastosowanie w badaniu kwestii literackich i religijnych. Można je także z powodzeniem wykorzystywać w interpretowaniu zjawisk społeczno‑politycznych. Dał tego przykład sam Girard podejmując się wyjaśnienia relacji francusko‑niemieckich w XIX i XX w. Centralne kwestie podejmowane w teorii mimetycznej to: naśladowanie, przemoc, ofiara i kozioł ofiarny. W niniejszym artykule z mimetycznego punktu widzenia została zaprezentowana osoba Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI w kontekście publikacji niemieckiego tygodnika „Der Spiegel”. Oskarżając papieża o działanie, które generuje liczne ofiary, czyni się jego samego (świadomie lub nie) prawdziwym kozłem ofiarnym współczesności.
EN
René Girard’s mimetic theory is a research tool applicable in literature and religion. It can also be successfully used in the interpretation of socio‑political phenomena. Girard himself gave an example by taking an explanation of Franco‑German relations in the 19 th and 20 centuries. Central issues of themimetic theory are: imitation, violence, victim and scapegoat. In this paper Benedict XVI is presented from the mimetic point of view in the context of the publication of the German weekly “Der Spiegel”. The pope is accused of causing many victims and at the same time he is created (intentionally or not) a real scapegoat of the modern times.
first rewind previous Page / 3 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.