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Natural Semantic Metalanguage as Terminology

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Bułat Silva Z.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
|
2021
|
issue 13
61-73
EN
In this paper I present the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014; Goddard 2018; Wierzbicka 1996, 2013), arguing that it can be perceived as a terminological system, a terminology sui generis. NSM is a decompositional approach to semantics, based on the assumption that there are 65 basic concepts, known as semantic primes, and that all other concepts can be paraphrased in terms of elements taken from this set of 65. These elements are said to exist in all human languages – as words, phrases or morphemes – and they cannot be reduced any further. The system has been tested on more than 30 different languages so far and is considered one of the most comprehensive approaches to cross-linguistic semantics today. I want to shed light on the formal structure of NSM, and explain its most important theoretical concepts, such as semantic primes and molecules, reductive paraphrase and semantic template, in order to demonstrate its practical value across many domains. As an example of how NSM is used in practice, I will look at the meaning of one concrete and one abstract noun (beach and comfort, respectively).
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Gamilaraay, a Sleeping Language of New South Wales, Australia

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Bułat Silva Z.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
|
2018
|
vol. 7
67-77
EN
The main aim of this paper is to present the situation of Gamilaraay, an Aboriginal language spoken in New South Wales, Australia, currently undergoing a revitalization (Giacon 2007) . After discussing the classification of the world’s languages according to their vitality, the author presents the language situation in Australia and offers a definition of revival linguistics (see Zuckermann & Walsh 2011), a new branch of linguistics as yet little known in Poland, justifying its relevance to the revitalization of Aboriginal languages. Special attention is given to the language situation in New South Wales, and to the specific revivalistic attempts undertaken by linguists there (Troy & Walsh 2010). Some morphological, syntactical and lexical features of Gamilaraay are described in order to show the complexities of language revival and problems revivalists have to face.
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