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PL
Celem mojego artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie dyskursy obecne są w wiedzy o młodzieży. Przegląd literatury prowadzi do wniosku, że wiedza ta budowana jest głównie w ramach dyskursu normatywnego na płaszczyźnie epistemologicznej, w którym funkcjonowanie społeczne jest wartościowane na postawie norm, a tym samym wyznaczonych powinności.
EN
The aim of my article is to try to answer the question of what discourses are present in knowledge about young people. A review of the literature leads to the conclusion that this knowledge is built mainly within the normative discourse on the epistemological level, in which social functioning is evaluated on the basis of norms, and thus defined obligations.
EN
The article is the presentation of the work on the upgrading of the test to measure levels of identity in adulthood. The test is based on the theory of identity statuses James Marcia who describes four statuses: identity diffusion, foreclosures, moratorium and achievement. Basic calculations were made with a view to standardization and normalization of questionnaire. This test was designed to research of the teachers' identity in early adulthood. It was also used in studies of young adults with schizophrenia. Currently, studies are ongoing identity of adults from families with different emotional relationships that allow for verification of the calculations.
EN
The article presents theoretical considerations on the changes in the perception of the function and role of the teacher, responding to the dynamics of modern society. The major directions of change may include: prepare learners to be independent of cognitive, inspiring of development, and introduction to the world of knowledge (Kwiatkowska, 2008, p. 41-45). Modern teacher of adult people, to be ready to meet these requirements should be assisted in the process of improvement and self-education, and one of the proposals to prepare them for the new features is the idea of reflective practice. Recent years have shown increased interest in teacher education in the direction of reflective practitioners, mainly through action research. Modern teacher is not only a professional who teaches well, but also creates knowledge. Action research are currently the subject of increasing interest to researchers and the practitioners, because of the possibility of personal development and the efficient movement in an increasingly complex and ambiguous reality.
EN
The article is an attempt to present trends in contemporary social researches, with particular focus on educational research. The basis for discussion are paradigms that are examined from three perspectives: stabilization, change and utility. I make use of example of a personal struggle with the dilemma of associated with adequacy of research in the positivist paradigm, but in case of humanistic and postmodern return. One solution to this dilemma is to appeal to purpose of researches and utility of adopted perspective in relation to ontology and epistemology phenomenon.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje próbę zarysowania tendencji we współczesnych badaniach społecznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem badań pedagogicznych. Podstawą rozważań są paradygmaty, jako podstawa tworzenia wiedzy, które rozpatruję z trzech perspektyw: stabilizacji, zmiany oraz użyteczności. Posługuję się przykładem osobistych zmagań nad dylematem związanym z adekwatnością badań prowadzonych w paradygmacie pozytywistycznym, ale w sytuacji zwrotu humanistycznego i postmodernistycznego. Jednym z rozwiązań powstałego dylematu jest odwołanie się do celu badań i użyteczności przyjętej perspektywy w stosunku do ontologii i epistemologii zjawiska.
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