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EN
The article discusses the latest trends in research on women’s history in Poland. Attention is drawn to the increasing number of biographies, and an attempt is made to answer the question of whether and in what direction this type of writing is changing our perception of women’s roles in Polish history. The article discusses the autobiographical literature written by women, whose publications reflect a growing interest in individual history and are a response to the demand to give a voice to previously unheard groups. It raises questions about the role of memoirs in describing past societies and gender order. The role of oral history methods in gaining insight into the past of women and society is also discussed.
EN
The article discusses the refugees’ life during the Great War, focusing on the living conditions on their route to and in exile. The aim here is to grasp the experience that the refugees underwent when they were still uncertain of their future, and when they were venturing into the unknown without being aware of where their journey would take them. The source material concerns refugees who fled from the ‘Congress’ Kingdom of Poland and Galicia to central Russia and western part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. It involves personal documents, especially those created during this exile experience, and the accounts included in the press, notably in Ognisko Polskie. The evidence presented in the article shows that the exile was among the most traumatic war events. It also demonstrates that the flight and exile affected various groups in different ways. Children and elderly persons were most vulnerable and most likely to suffer damage to their health or even to lose their lives. It was particularly difficult for them to endure adverse weather conditions and malnutrition. They were also more prone to contagious diseases, especially typhus and cholera. The stay in the barracks camps established in the Austro-Hungarian Empire was another difficult experience. Especially initially the camps were not fi t for housing so great a number of people of different age and gender. Finally, the analysis of personal documents shows the use of different survival strategies in the exile. The refugees showed much determination in finding employment or seeking compensation and various benefits; and there was a significant social mobilization to organize assistance to the refugees.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę oceny zawartości materiałów pamiętnikarskich polskich autorów, dotyczących I wojny światowej, pod kątem obecności w nich relacji o zwierzętach. Analizie poddano konteksty, w jakich pojawiają się w zapiskach czworonogi oraz relacje ludzi i zwierząt w szczególnym okresie wojny.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the content of diaries and memoirs by Polish authors dealing with World War I with regard to references to animals. The analysis concerns the contexts in which animals are mentioned and the mutual relationship between people and animals in extraordinary circumstances, in this case in times of war.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2021
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1
41-53
EN
The text attempts to present how the Great War’s impact on emancipation processes and changes in the relationship between the genders were seen in the women’s press. An analysis was conducted of the series of articles by Cecylia Walewska entitled ‘The differentiation of the female type after the war’, published in the weekly Bluszcz in 1927; the series has been confronted with other voices appearing in the interwar press and with the realities of life at that time.
PL
Tekst zawiera próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak na łamach prasy kobiecej dwudziestolecia międzywojennego widziano wpływ Wielkiej Wojny na procesy emancypacyjne i zmianę relacji między płciami. Analizie poddano cykl artykułów Cecylii Walewskiej, pt. Zróżniczkowanie się typu kobiecego po wojnie, publikowanych na łamach „Bluszczu” w 1927 r. Skonfrontowano je z innymi głosami pojawiającymi się w prasie międzywojennej oraz z realiami ówczesnego życia.
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Janusz Żarnowski (1932–2019)

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