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EN
This article, on the history of criminal law, discusses cases of defamation and slander against the legally protected name of Marshal Józef Piłsudski. Based on prosecution files from Białystok and Lublin, the author presents selected prosecutions of the perpetrators of this type of crime from the perspective of microhistory.
PL
Artykuł z zakresu historii prawa karnego dotyczy przypadków lżenia chronionego prawem imienia marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego. Autor w oparciu o akta prokuratury z Białegostoku i Lublina w perspektywie mikrohistorii opisuje wybrane przypadki ścigania sprawców tego rodzaju przestępstw.
EN
The article discusses the testament of the curate of the Catholic parish in Knyszyn in the Podlasie region, made in 1594 as an oral statement before appropriate municipal officials and later recorded in the town book. The description of the Latin source is supplemented with its translation to Polish. It is worth noting that the first item listed by the testator was his private collection of almost twenty books, comprising foreign prints from the late 15th c. and the first half of the 16th c., as well as newer Polish publications. Considering what is known from the literature on the status of clergy in other parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, his other movables and debts indicate that his financial standing was typical of lower clergy. The analysis of the relevant regulations of the Magdeburg Code and Canon Law confirms that his testament was valid. The origin of the testator could not be established. He might have been connected with the court of Chancellor Jan Zamoyski, in which an important position was held by Mikołaj Kislicki of Lviv, the parish priest in Knyszyn, and later the dean of the chapter of the collegiate church in Zamość. A book collection like the one described in the article could rather be expected to belong to a higher-status clergyman. The testament is an interesting evidence of prints being available in a little provincial town of the Commonwealth at the end of the 16th c. Appended to the article is an edition of the document analysed.
EN
The present article depicts the practice of holding office by two town notaries Władysław Łukaszewicz and Franciszek Waskielko in the small town of Knyszyn at the beginning of the 18th century. Franciszek Waskielko was a heir to Władysław Łukaszewicz but the former notary was committed to helping him out. A detailed analysis of the forms used by both notaries such as wills and contracts of sale points to the fact that Francizek Wa- skielko, while referring to forms used by his predecessor, was also capable of creating some new clauses. Most probably small-town notaries in the Polish-Lithuanian Com- monwealth who had not been formally educated in law at schools, gained professional knowledge during their work by reading court records and speaking with associates.
PL
The municipal law and the election of the government in Knyszyn (16th – beg. of 18th century)The article focuses on some regulations of the Polish-Magdeburg Law and the proceedings related to municipal elections in Knyszyn (a royal town in the Podlaskie Voivodeship) from 16th to the beginning of 18th century. The first, theoretical part of the article, describing pertinent rules of that law, is based on books written by the 16th-century Polish lawyers Bartholomaeus Groicki and Paulus Szczerbic. Its second part analyses some documents from the municipal records in order to explain the practice of elections in this town. Unfortunately, the number of available sources is limited, as we only have the royal privilege from 1568 A.D. and some information about the elections from 1625, 1643 and 1706. The article tries to find the answer to the following questions: the attitude of the inhabitants of that town toward the municipal offices and its representatives, the circle of persons exercising power and its stability, the infl uence of external factors on the appointment of officials. Summing up, the author points to some changes in the electoral procedure and to the multilateral interest in the results of the election.
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