W artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy serwisy internetowe dużych polskich bibliotek stosują zasady SEO (Search Engine Optimization). Badania przeprowadzono w czterech obszarach, obejmujących kolejno: 1. badanie słów kluczowych (keyword research, keyword usage & keyword density); 2. analizę czynników on-page (content & technology); 3. analizę czynników off-page (backinks & social media); 4. analizę metryk reputacji (brand & confidence metrics). Do badań pierwszego obszaru wykorzystano dane wygenerowane w serwisie Google Adwords za rok 2014 (7.411.387 zapytań, 801 fraz,); do kolejnych materiału dostarczyły analizy techniczne 13 najczęściej odwiedzanych serwisów bibliotecznych ulokowanych w czterech głównych miastach akademickich (Warszawa, Kraków, Poznań, Wrocław). W rozprawie szczegółowo przeanalizowano słowa kluczowe/frazy, za pomocą których użytkownicy wyszukują lokalne biblioteki akademickie oraz zbadano w jaki sposób wybrane witryny biblioteczne realizują wytyczne SEO. Punktem odniesienia w diagnozie aktualnych czynników były raporty korelacyjne firm: Searchmetrics (SEO Ranking Factors and Rank Correlations 2014, 2015) oraz MOZ (Search Engine Ranking Factor 2015). Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono na lutym 2015 roku.
The article features traditions and fates of Cracow press related with “Solidarity” movement following 1989. In a period preceding this date, 281 newspapers with roots in the Solidarity movement were published in Cracow and in 1989 a landmark year in Poland only 30 magazines. Over time new newspapers started to appear (18 in 1989, 8 in 1990) but closer analysis shows that majority of them were ephemeral. Among the oldest newspapers only few titles left their mark on a political map, namely: “Bez dekretu” (1984-1989); “Miesięcznik Małopolski” (1983-1989); “Kronika Małopolska” (1982-1989); “Czas Solidarności” (1989); “Hutnik” (1982-1989) and “Promieniści” (1982-1989). Among titles which were issued after June elections a leading part played only one title “Małopolska”/ “Tygodnik Małopolska” (1989-1997) which following the consolidation of the Solidarity movement was transformed into “Tygodnik AWS” (1997-2000). Analysis of its content shows that “Solidarity” press, just as the union, underwent a major change: underground newspapers which embodied defiance and which presented nation’s political aspirations changed into trade newspapers looking for its own identity. Most of these newspapers became later pragmatic bulletins defending workers’ interests or they transformed into party newspapers (“Tygodnik AWS”). Fate of such transformed newspapers were strictly connected with election results and as a result of camp breaking up in 2000, they definitely gone from the market.
This article presents a brief description of the Polish press and its development during the years 1832-1864. The main objective of this study is to precisely define the press’s quantitative growth and territorial distribution. The source of the study was data obtained from the analysis of all (including the most recent) documentary sources. As a result of the research, it was established that during the years 1832-1864 on the Polish lands and abroad, 626 press titles were published, out of which 185 were issued in the Russian Partition, 161 in the Austrian sector, 130 in the Prussian sector, and 150 abroad. The study also presents the main areas of qualitative transformation (typology, journalistic skills, organisation of the editorial office) and selected determinants shaping the development of the press market in the years 1832-1864 (legal, political, economic impulses). The study is concluded by a brief comparative analysis, where the press of the period between Uprisings is analysed as compared to the development of the Polish press in the years 1729-1819. The analysis indicates that until the mid-nineteenth century, the Polish press had been in its initial period of development. Rapid quantitative and qualitative changes in the press took place only in the last two decades of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century
PL
Artykuł zawiera zwięzłą charakterystykę rozwoju prasy polskiej w latach 1832-1864. Głównym celem opracowania jest precyzyjne określenie jej ilościowego wzrostu oraz terytorialnego rozmieszczenia. Źródłem do badań były dane z analizy wszystkich (w tym najnowszych) źródeł dokumentacyjnych. W wyniku badań ustalono, że w latach 1832-1864 na ziemiach polskich i emigracji ukazywało się 626 tytułów, z czego 185 wydawano w zaborze rosyjskim, 161 w zaborze austriackim, 130 w dzielnicy pruskiej oraz 150 na emigracji. W pracy ukazano także główne obszary przemian jakościowych (typologia, warsztat dziennikarski, organizacja redakcji) oraz ukazano wybrane determinanty, kształtujące rozwój rynku prasowego w latach 1832-1864 (prawne, polityczne, ekonomiczne). Całość zamyka krótka analiza porównawcza, gdzie ulokowano prasę doby międzypowstaniowej na tle rozwoju prasy polskie w latach 1729-1819. Analiza przekonuje, że aż do połowy XIX wieku prasa polska znajdowała się w początkowym stadium rozwoju. Gwałtowne przemiany ilościowe i jakościowe zaszły w prasie dopiero w dwu ostatnich dekadach XIX oraz pierwszej dekadzie XX wieku.
The purpose of the project is the preparation of a monograph on the history of periodicals for children and young people which appeared in Poland until 1918. The research will include all of their types, both the periodicals addressed to the young readers, and those from created by them (approximately 350-400 titles in total). The outcome will be both a critical, multi-faceted analysis of the phenomenon and its full documentation. It is hypothesized that the Polish periodicals from the period the Partitions of Poland substituted for the non-existent national organizations and institutions, i.e. it primarily served a compensatory function. The analyses will aim to show the periodicals as a carrier of educational methods, role models, literary means of expression and self- education, self-organization and political activity of the youth. The subject matter will be examined from the perspective of periodicals’ studies; however, its literary and pedagogical aspects will be included and dealt with extensively. The monograph will consist of papers focusing on the context of the phenomenon and a synthetic characterization subject discussed. The individual typological groups and their leading members will be examined as well. An integral part of the monograph will be a complete bibliography of the writings analysed. In the course of the work, a variety of methods will be used: at the stage of data collection – bibliographic and documentary techniques, at the stage of data analysis and comparative studies – statistical techniques, at the stage of content analysis – quantitative content analysis and at the level of description – heuristics and methods of literary history, respectively. The work is undertaken with the aim to comprehensively investigate children’s and young people periodicals from the period. The study results should reflect the role of this group of publications in the broad sense of social communication. The analyses will include research on the communication channel of interest (conditions, creation, reception, circulation) and its content and form. The beneficiaries of the results include researchers dealing with periodicals and book scientists, along with literary historians and scholars of history of education and culture. The research should contribute to progress in all these areas. This assumption results from the analysis of previous studies, which were taken infrequently and at a level of considerable generality. The main reason for this unsatisfactory progress was the lack of basic research, both in terms of documentation and quantitative analysis of the phenomenon.
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