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EN
The Czech Verb zdát se in Translation into Polish Language (Based on Studies Using the Parallel Corpus „InterCorp”)The article presents the possibilities of translating the Czech verb zdát se into the Polish language and introduces the parallel corpus (InterCorp) as a tool for searching equivalents. The analysis of the data from a parallel corpus shows a series of possibilities of understanding and translating the verb zdát se (wydawać się, zdawać się, mieć wrażenie, wyglądać, widzieć, widać, myśleć, mniemać, podejrzewać, pomyśleć, rozumieć, sądzić, uświadamiać sobie, uważać, uznać, czuć, poczuć, doznać uczucia, mieć uczucie, wynikać, okazywać się, chyba, najwyraźniej, pewnie, prawdopodobnie, śnić się, przyśnić się, przywidzieć się, podobać się, być zadowolonym). The verb zdát se seems to be polysemantic and to cause lexical and stylistic problems. The results of the analyses based on the InterCorp may also open the discussion about the contents of modern dictionaries.
EN
Between lexical meaning and valency – towards a method for extracting equivalents based on a parallel corpus Some entries in translation dictionaries (even in those for closely related languages) offer multiple target equivalents with disparate meanings even when the meaning of the source word is not considered ambiguous within the source language. The translator’s task of choosing the best fitting text unit is made even more difficult by sparse exemplification and missing or sketchy valency information. Using a parallel corpus, we explore to what extent valency (seen in a broad sense both as a syntactic and semantic property) can help to cope with a few difficult cases of Czech psych verbs in relation to Polish and how the lexical caps can be filled. Next, we compare the manually compiled lists of translation equivalents in context, annotated and sorted by their valency properties, with results of an automatic method, using word-to-word alignments in a lemmatised parallel corpus to build a list of equivalent pairs, annotated by their frequency. We conclude that valency is an important (though not omnipotent) discriminant for the choice of the target equivalent and that the list of translation pairs extracted automatically from a parallel corpus can be a useful supplement to a standard translation dictionary.
EN
The text presents an analysis of diminutives with regard to problems of their use by non-na­tive speakers, exemplified by native speakers of Polish. The reason of this specific comparison is the formal and semantic closeness of the two languages, which is often the cause of negative transfer. The analysis is based on the comparison of parallel Czech and Polish texts included in the InterCorp corpus and is further supported by the elicitation of the use of selected lexemes by Polish students.
RU
Текст представляет собой анализ диминутивов в связи с проблемами их использования неносителями языка, соответственно польскими носителями языка. Причина этого специфи­ческогосравнениясвязана с формальной и семантической близостью двух языков, которая является источником отрицательного переноса. Анализ основан на сравнении параллельных чешских и польских текстов, включенных в корпус InterCorp и в дальнейшем поддерживается выявлением использования выбранных лексем польскими студентами.
EN
The article describes the lexical phrases in Polish and Czech tabloids and presents their usage in the texts. The accumulation of the epistemic modality phrases allows the tabloid articles to present the biggest scandals in a “legally safe” way.
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