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EN
The article attempts to compare two functional models activated by queerness writing, presented as a discursive approach, and experiencing, understood as the lived dimension of performative practice. By reconstructing the moment that initiated theoretical reflection on queerness, the author reveals this movement’s duality. Said duality consists of theory and experience: non-normativity being defined as a negation of norms, and the experience of the non-normative evading any processes of normalization. The symptomatic perspective adopted by Lacan, as interpreted by the author, enables the identification of subject conceptualizations in psychoanalysis that are analogous to those found in queer.
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę porównania dwóch modeli czynnościowych aktywizowanych przez queer: pisania przedstawionego w tekście jako ujęcie dyskursywne oraz przeżycia, czyli doświadczanego wymiaru praktyki performerskiej. Rekonstruując moment inicjujący teoretyczną refleksję nad queerem, autorka ukazuje wpisaną w ten ruch dwutorowość. Polega ona na teoretycznym definiowaniu nienormatywności jako negacji normy oraz praktycznym przeżywaniu nienormatywnego jako doświadczenia, które wymyka się procesom normatywizacji. Przyjęta przez Lacana perspektywa symptomatyczna w interpretacji autorki pozwala dostrzec analogiczne do queerowych podmiotowe konceptualizacje w psychoanalizie.
EN
The article discusses the concept of translation as interpretation. I propose an analysis of translation techniques used by two Polish literary scholars and translators, Tadeusz Komendant and Michał Paweł Markowski. I compare their translations and divide them into two categories: “critical” and “unnatural” (in the case of Komendant) and “vulnerable” and “existential” (Markowski). I argue that a critical analysis of translation is necessary to justify the adopted strategy of interpretation which occupies a privileged position in these texts. I also use translation criticism as a “structuring” criterion to establish a certain hierarchy which exists, more or less explicitly, in the field of literary scholars’ translations. In order to do so, I juxtapose Markowski’s views with the those of Tomasz Swoboda in his Repetition and Difference (2014). I attempt to demonstrate that translation criticism allows not only for the articulation of the underlying pattern behind a translation, but also problematizes some issues related to the translator’s and author’s subjective scope of responsibility. In this way, I come to the conclusion that translation criticism reveals important qualities of a text, usually overlooked by strictly literary approaches. I acknowledge and confirm an important role it plays in building self-awareness and participating in self-knowledge within literary studies.
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