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Polska i Rosja: dług pamięci czy prawo do zapomnienia? – Co etyk ma do powiedzenia w tej kwestii?

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Probucka D.
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
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2012
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vol. 1(2)
82-89
EN
The aim of the paper is to answer the following questions : how should we understand the concept of forgiveness so that reconciliation between Russia and Poland becomes possible? – Should we continue to hold hard feelings in international relations or should we leave them behind? – If we should remember our resentments, then how should we understand the postulate of memory? – On the other hand, if we should forget, then how should we understand the postulate of forgetting? I underline that the international reconciliation is a long term process. It does not happen immediately. We could compare it to a healing of a painful and deep wound. There are two the most common ways of dealing with suffering, resulting from unhealed wound. Both are false. The first way rests on ignoring, neglecting certain events, historical facts from collective consciousness. Let’s call it ideology of oblivion. The second one rests on scratching a wound, reproaching painful, national blames. Let’s call it ideology of dwelling on the past. Every single ideology is biased and partial. It distorts some historical events and therefore it is false. Either it omits some matters of facts or it exaggerates them. In my opinion, promoting these two above ideologies is a great, political and moral mistake. Because, those methods never lead to reconciliation, never heal the symbolic wound. On the contrary, they will exacerbate the inflammation. What should we do to heal this wound in international relations? We ought to disinfect it. At this case, it means binding the postulate of remembering with the courage to being in the truth. Only truth can relieve us from the evil just like disinfection removes toxins from the wound. Only due to the truth we will be able to avoid the evil in the future. Because, social awareness of wrong doing in the past can persuade us to reflection and bring change in social behavior in the future.
2
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ON THE CONCEPT OF ECOLOGICAL SOLIDARITY. WHAT CONNECTS ANIMAL RIGHTS WITH THE RIGHTS OF HUMAN BEINGS?

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Probucka D.
Humanistyka i Przyrodoznawstwo
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2018
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issue Numer 24
39-47
PL
Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej z nich omawiam ideę ekologicznej solidaryzacji, którą interpretuję w szerokim znaczeniu jako empatyczną identyfikację wynikającą z poczucia przynależności do szerszej wspólnoty istot cierpiących - identyfikację wykraczającą poza przynależność gatunkową. W drugiej części artykułu odpowiadam na pytanie – co łączy dwie idee: praw zwierząt i praw istot ludzkich, kładąc szczególny akcent na rozwój koncepcji moralnych uprawień w kulturze europejskiej.
3
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O moralnych obowiązkach ludzi wobec zwierząt. Etyka Gary’ego Francione

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Probucka D.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 2
93-106
EN
The purpose of my article is to present and analyze the ethical views of Gary Francione – the leading, contemporary representative of Animal Rights Movement. He built his theory by criticizing the views of two other supporters of the idea of animal liberation: Peter Singer and Tom Regan. In his opinion, neither of these philosophers did not escape from the anthropocentric paradigm binding the moral obligations to animals with the primacy of human interest. Singer believed that only humans have the ability to plan their own future, and only they want to live and extend their own existence. While according to Regan, in conflict situations, respect for human interest should be dominant. Francione agrees that only people understand a deeper meaning of their own existence, but it does not follow that only they want to live and do not want to die. The need to preserve and continue the life is not the result of mental states, but it is a consequence of sensitivity – the biological trait which aims to safeguard and continuation of life. According to Francione, if every sensitive creature has an interest in preserving his own life and avoiding of suffering it they also have a moral right to life and not being treated in a cruel manner.
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