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Political and scientific support for the establishment of the Veterinary School in Lwów

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Dzikowski A.
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
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2020
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vol. 17
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issue 1
117-126
EN
Establishment of the veterinary university in Lwów would not be possible without the political support of Galician authorities, i.a. A. Potocki and S. Zamoyski, Galician and Viennese MPs, and professors A. Biesiadecki, P. Seifmann, H. Kadyi, and J. Szpilman, who performed repeated and uninterrupted activities of both official and unofficial character. Their contribution, postulates, commitment, and work undertaken, had overcame the resistance of central governmental powers. Creation of the Lwów veterinary academic school enabled training not only Polish veterinarians in their mother tongue, but was also an opportunity for students from other Slavic states. The aim of the work is to show the role of political and administrative supporters of the illustrious idea of the Veterinary School, and then lead to its elevation to the Academy.
2
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En France la police n’y est pas si exacte que parmy les Romains... – odpowiedzialność z tytułu rękojmi za ukryte wady fizyczne zwierząt w prawie francuskim do końca XIX wieku

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Dzikowski A.
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
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2022
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vol. 74
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issue 1
53-100
EN
Sources of law concerning liability for physical defects of animals in pre-revolutionary and 19th French law – including local customary laws, droit commun, and subsequent normative acts – as well as the literature in the field of veterinary sciences were analyzed and interpreted. It was ascertained that the local customary laws which pertained to the warranty for major defects of selected animal species (primarily horses as well as other equidae, cattle, sheep) had existed throughout France and had also been included in the so-called pays de droit écrit. Buyers’ rights were disproportionately limited, primarily by the existence of a closed catalogue of defects, short deadlines, exclusion of the possibility of price reduction, and the limitation of redhibition. Only a few latent defects were distinguished whose numerous names and scope, as well as the temporal rules, were irrational, anachronistic, and incompatible with the veterinary knowledge. These regulations were applied (contra legem) in judicial practice after the Napoleonic Code came into force, and they were subsequently adopted, virtually unchanged, by later legislation.
PL
Analizie i interpretacji poddane zostały źródła prawa dotyczące odpowiedzialności za wady fizyczne zwierząt w prawie francuskim przedrewolucyjnym i XIX-wiecznym – w tym lokalne prawa zwyczajowe, droit commun oraz późniejsze akty normatywne – jak również piśmiennictwo z zakresu nauk weterynaryjnych. Wykazano, że lokalne prawa zwyczajowe dotyczące rękojmi za wady główne wybranych gatunków zwierząt (przede wszystkim koni, a także innych zwierząt koniowatych, bydła, owiec) istniały na obszarze całej Francji i były uwzględniane też w ramach tzw. pays de droit écrit. Uprawnienia kupujących były nieproporcjonalnie ograniczone, przede wszystkim przez istnienie katalogu wad, krótkich terminów, wyłączenie możliwości obniżenia ceny i limitowanie redhibicji. Wyróżniano jedynie kilka wad ukrytych, których nazwy i zakres, a także reguły temporalne były nieracjonalne, anachroniczne i niezgodne ze stanem wiedzy lekarsko-weterynaryjnej. Regulacje te były stosowane (contra legem) w praktyce sądowniczej po wejściu w życie kodeksu Napoleona, a następnie zostały – niemalże bez zmiany – przejęte przez późniejsze ustawodawstwo.
3
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Kryteria oceny wad fizycznych zwierząt koniowatych (Equidæ) stosowane przez autorów rzymskich

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Dzikowski A.
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
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2018
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vol. 70
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issue 2
131-149
PL
Praca omawia kryteria stosowane przez rzymskich pisarzy, w tym jurystów, działających w okresie klasycznym, w celu oceny wystąpienia u danego zwierzęcia z rodziny koniowatych wad w postaci morbus vitiumve. Dotyczy ona odpowiedzialności za wady fizyczne koni, osłów i ich mieszańców, rozpatrywanej na tle rozważań Rzymian, zarówno prawników, jak i innych autorów, takich jak pisarze agrarni, w tym definiowania stanów zdrowia i choroby, w połączeniu z krótką charakterystyką stanu rozwoju wiedzy lekarsko-weterynaryjnej w starożytnym Rzymie, przechowaną zwłaszcza w traktatach agrarnych.
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Sytuacja prawna zwierząt w majątku beneficjalnym w okresie międzywojennym – wybrane problemy

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Dzikowski A.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
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2022
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vol. 31
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issue 4
21-36
EN
The study examines and presents veterinary and legal (including canonical) aspects of livestock in the benefice institutions. Selected features of the legal status of animals in the beneficiary property of the parish priest, in the land of the diocese of Tarnów (Poland) were examined and described. In the period 1918–1939 in Poland, the parish benefice was, both from the factual and legal point of view, an important component of the exercise of RC offices, with animals being one of the most important – though not unproblematic – elements of the living. It was revealed, that these problems provided a basis for adopting synodal resolutions at the local, national and common levels, which focused on the concept of proper agricultural and economic use of animals as the farm components.
5
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Liability Related to Animals in the Statute of the Lwów Armenian Community

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Dzikowski A.
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
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2024
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vol. 23
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issue 2
369-396
EN
The pre-partition Kingdom of Poland was considered homeland by numerous minorities, including a group of Middle-Eastern immigrants – the Armenian diaspora. They brought with them their own laws, customs, faith and language, and after settling in a new place, in south-eastern Poland, they were able to interact with other residents and creatively transform and develop their legal system. The creation of the Lwów Armenian Statute was initiated by a dispute between the Lwów city authorities and members of the Armenian community in 1518. The content of the normative text of the Statute, however, predates its final redaction. In fact, it is a patchwork and complex normative act. The most important of its sources was the oldest Armenian lawcode: the Datastanagirk of Mkhitar Gosh. His work integrated various legal concepts, most essential of which constituted the Mosaic law of the Pentateuch. Both Mkhitar Gosh and his unknown successors did not simply copy and join together parts of earlier normative acts, they rather processed, re-read, and up-dated norms. The discussed Statute contains legal solutions which adopted in an original way the legal thought of different sources and created own, innovative normative concepts. Among those we can find a variety of legal norms covering liability related to animals.
6
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Morbus est… Roman Views on Health of Animals as a Basis for the Present-Day Warranty Legislation

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Dzikowski A.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2020
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vol. 13
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issue 4
429-442
EN
The aim of the study is to reveal the connections and inspirations between Roman and contemporary regulations of warranty, as an element of European heritage. The material for the study consists of Justinian’s “Digest”, Gellius’and Cato’s works, contemporary Polish warranty legislation –the Civil Code, its amendments and executive acts. Juridical, medical and philosophical views of ancient Roman lawyers on animal health in the mentioned material were examined and analyzed. The views of the ancient Romans reflected in Polish civil law were pointed out. Studies have been carried out, comparing the ideas that provide the background for legal norms of warranty. It has been proved how different defining of health and disease in veterinary medicine can affect divergent legal regulations in relation to animals sold. The functionality criterion was affirmed to be applicable not only as one of warranty premises, but also as a motor for legal development.
7
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‘TESTAMENTUM PORCELLI’

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Dzikowski A., Jurewicz A. R., Molisak G.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
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2016
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vol. 16
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issue 4
11-35
PL
The ‘Testamentum Porcelli’ Summary This paper is a translation and commentary of the anonymous fourth-century pamphlet referred as the Testamentum Porcelli. Notwithstanding the humorous nature of the work, it became the subject of scholarly dispute focused on its actual meaning and potential author. The main concepts, together with the characters associated with them, are presented in footnotes and commentaries with an explanation of particular issues, e.g. the structure of the text, Roman law, and allusions to pagan festivals and customs.
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