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EN
This article focuses on obligations related to blackout which were imposed on the inhabitants of Festung Breslau. It analyzes documents issued by the Fortress Command, the local press (Schlesische Tageszeitung), and written relations in the form of memoirs and diaries. All of these were collected by Horst Gleiss in the source edition Breslauer Apokalypse 1945.
EN
The article describes the operation of pharmacies in Wrocław during the battle of Festung Breslau (1945). Faced with the evacuation of the civilian population and the advance of Red Army troops, the District Pharmaceutical Chamber (Bezirksapothekerkammer) reduced the pharmacies subordinate to it and tried to regulate the operation of the remaining ones. Soviet air raids on the city were a considerable hindrance, and a shortage of basic medicines was also felt. The problems faced by pharmacists in Wrocław are illustrated by the published memoirs of Johannes (Hanns) Hoffmann.
EN
The author introduces the reader to the post-war account of German Jesuits who survived the atrocities of 1945 in Opole and described it in a report, a copy of which is kept in the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu in Rome. The account of the Germans, as displaced persons, shows the tragedy of the situation, which could not have been perceived by their Polish confreres. The article is, in a way, a supplement to the account of the Polish Jesuits from August 1945, well known in the reading circle, who took over the Opole monasticinstitution after their German confreres.
PL
Autor przybliża czytelnikowi powojenną relację niemieckich jezuitów, którzy w Opolu przeżyli okrucieństwa 1945 r. i zapisali je w sprawozdaniu, którego odpis przechowywany jest Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu w Rzymie. Relacja Niemców, jako osób wysiedlonych, ukazuje tragizm sytuacji, który nie mógł być dostrzeżony przez ich polskich współbraci. Artykuł stanowi niejako uzupełnienie znanej w kręgu czytelniczym relacji polskich jezuitów z sierpnia 1945 r., którzy po niemieckich współbraciach objęli opolskąplacówkę zakonną.
EN
With the end of the Second World War, pharmacists arriving in Lower Silesia (Poland) had to face new and numerous problems resulting from post-war disorganisation. The article lists the most important of these: the destruction of pharmacies, shortages of supplies and equipment, staff shortages and crime. A problem characteristic of Lower Silesia, and indeed the whole of the “Recovered Territories”, that was not present in Central Poland was a sense of alienation. Pharmacies overfl owing with German objects intensified the negative feelings accompanying settlers arriving in the area. At the same time, they were one of the most important points on the map of settlements – the prosperity and health of the first inhabitants depended on their presence.
EN
This article presents the role of architecture in the process of making the landscape of the Western and Northern Territories of Poland in the late 1940s more familiar to new inhabitants. The topic is analyzed on the example of Wroclaw city guidebook from 1948 by St[anislaw] Sevatt. In his work, special focus was given to gothic churches in order to emphasize close relations between Silesia and the other regions of Poland in the time of the Piast dynasty.
EN
The article presents a study of historical and linguistic aspects of testimonies of history witnesses. In our case those were forced labourers – Poles obliged in the Third Reich to wear the “P” symbol indicating their ethnicity. Because of the nature of the topic, an interdisciplinary approach was necessary. The first part of the paper recalls briefly the history of forced labour in Germany during World War 2 as well as illustrates with some examples the everyday life difficulties of the workers. All the samples analysed in this study are taken from an anthology by Anna Kosmulska, who collected and published them twice in 1995 and 2020 (2nd revised and expanded edition). It is an interesting fact that many of the people with the “P” symbol decided to stay after the war in the region and the city where they were forced to work for Germans. The article tries to find traces of orality in the redacted text of primordially spoken testimonies. To investigate that we decided to apply the theory of five indicators of spoken language by Bartminski and Niebrzegowska-Bartminska as well as certain statistical analyses (including sentence length, the relation between Polish conjunction i and preposition w, FOG index). Moreover, we discuss the communication situation of the witnesses of history together with the question of the existence of discourse community within this group and analyse the keywords of their testimonies.
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