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Geopolityczne położenie Serbii w warunkach postjugosłowiańskiej transformacji

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Mihaylov V.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

2011

vol. 4

59-74

After the demise of Yugoslavia, the geopolitical position of Serbia has changed drama-tically. A series of wars in the 90-s and international economic sanction has resulted in Serbia’s isolation from the main currents of market reforms and European integration in Central and Eastern Europe. What is more, the country faced further territorial losses due to the secession of Montenegro in 2006 and the proclamation of independence of the southern province of Kosovo in 2008. In its current borders the country occupies only 30,3% of the ex-Yugoslav Federation. Despite the territorial losses, the area occupied by contemporary Serbia retained some of its features important for the whole Europe. Several international transport corridors cross the Serbian territory and consequently the country plays a sig-nificant role in trade between Central and Western Europe and the Balkan countries, inclu-ding Turkey. The article discusses the close relationship between safety issues in the geopolitics of the Balkans and the geo-demographic or ethno-political situation. After the secession of Koso-vo, which is inhabited in almost 95% by Albanians, modern Serbia still possesses three are-as of high risk of ethno-political conflicts, namely: Vojvodina, Sandžak and Preńevo. Their characteristics have also been considered in the paper. In the post-socialist period being of main interest in this paper, Serbia has undergone two major phases: till 2000 and after 2000. The breakthrough between them occurred due to some major changes connected with geopolitical and geoeconomic position of Serbia: the end of the Kosovo crisis and conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, the change of the Milońević regime in October 2000; recognition by UN of the Alliance state of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) on 1st of November 2000, the gradual introduction of international sanctions and restoration of conditions for the normalization of bilateral political and economic rela-tions with other countries and international organizations.

PRINCIPLES OF ETHNOPOLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL-POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF YUGOSLAVIA. GENESIS, EVOLUTION AND CONTEMPORARY CONSEQUENCES (Polish title below)

100%

Mihaylov V.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

2011

issue 39

61-70

(Polish title: Zasady etnopolitycznej i terytorialno-politycznej organizacji Jugoslawii. Geneza, ewolucja, wspólczesne konsekwencje). The subject of the article is the principles of ethnopolitical and territorial-political organization of the Yugoslavian state. The genesis and evolution of mentioned question in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (1918-1941) and in Socialist Federation of Yugoslavia (1945-1991) are presented. One of the most important and controversial problems in Yugoslavian ethnopolitics - the relations between its ethnopolitical and territorial-political subsystems are considered. Dynamic changes and a lack of sequence in Yugoslav's ethnopolitics are emphasized in the paper. Attention has been paid to the question of territorial-political reorganization of the federation at the beginning of 1990s. The groups engaged in the struggle of division of Yugoslavia applied for various principles of delimitation of contentious areas. Susan Woodward brought out four main principles which the antagonist groups use as arguments for their 'property right' over the given territory - historical, democratical, principle of the inviolability of borders and realistic one. After the civil war during the 1990s, the Yugoslavian federation was reorganized into the sovereign states by recognizing the old internal administrative borders between the Yugoslav republics as international ones. The author discusses also contemporary problems of the ethnopolitical and territorial-political organization of post-Yugoslav countries and close relations between state-building and nation-building processes. Major current problems in the field of ethnopolitics, as a direct consequence of the influence of accumulated during the 70-year period of existence of a common state, has also been considered in the paper.

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1 Przegląd Geopolityczny

1 Sprawy Narodowościowe

2 Mihaylov V.

2 2011

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Geopolityczne położenie Serbii w warunkach postjugosłowiańskiej transformacji

PRINCIPLES OF ETHNOPOLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL-POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF YUGOSLAVIA. GENESIS, EVOLUTION AND CONTEMPORARY CONSEQUENCES (Polish title below)