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Reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego na Litwie

100%

Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

2022

vol. 98

121-138

The study concerns the reforms of the administrative judiciary in Lithuania, starting from the interwar period, and the importance of prof. Mykolas Römeris, to modern times. The Lithuanian model of legal protection against actions of public administration is based on Art. 111 sec. 2 of the Lithuanian Constitution, which provides for the possibility of establishing specialized courts to hear administrative cases. Since 2001, this judiciary has two instances: it consists of district administrative courts as courts of first instance and the Supreme Administrative Court. It is part of the judicial system but is separate from the common and constitutional courts. The Lithuanian administrative judiciary is now considered to be very modern, taking into account progressive European trends. Its characteristic feature are, among others extensive forms of alternative settlement of public law disputes, such as pre-trial proceedings, settlement or mediation. The Lithuanian legislator, however, continues efforts to modernize it further. The subject of the current discussion is the reform of the appeal procedure, assuming an increase in the effectiveness of this procedure by introducing a filtering mechanism for complaints brought to the court of second instance.

Opracowanie dotyczy reform sądownictwa administracyjnego na Litwie, począwszy od okresu międzywojennego i znaczenia w tym okresie myśli prof. Mykolasa Römerisa, po czasy współczesne. Litewski model ochrony prawnej przed działaniami administracji publicznej opiera się na art. 111 ust. 2 litewskiej konstytucji, który przewiduje możliwość powołania sądów wyspecjalizowanych do rozpatrywania spraw administracyjnych. Od 2001 r. sądownictwo to jest dwuinstancyjne: składa się z okręgowych sądów administracyjnych jako sądów pierwszej instancji i Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego. Jest ono elementem systemu sądownictwa, ale jest oddzielone od sądownictwa powszechnego i konstytucyjnego. Litewskie sądownictwo administracyjne uchodzi obecnie za bardzo nowoczesne, uwzględniające postępowe tendencje europejskie. Jego cechą charakterystyczną są m.in. rozbudowane formy alternatywnego załatwiania sporów publicznoprawnych, takie jak postępowania przedsądowe, ugoda, czy mediacja. Ustawodawca litewski nie ustaje jednak w wysiłkach jego dalszej modernizacji. Przedmiotem aktualnej dyskusji jest reforma postępowania odwoławczego, zakładająca zwiększenie efektywności tego postępowania poprzez wprowadzenie mechanizmu filtrowania skarg wnoszonych do sądu drugiej instancji.

Administrative Courts in Lithuania: History, Evolution, the Present, and Perspectives

51%

Bareikytė S., Deviatnikovaitė I., Jacevič B., Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė J.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

2023

vol. 22

issue 2

11-42

Judicial review of the legality of administrative acts is one of the most important elements of the rule of law. The institute of administrative justice began to develop in the 19th century: in 1872 The French Council of State was given a function of judicial review, the Administrative Court in Vienna (Austria-Hungary) was established in 1867, in Baden (Germany) in 1863, etc. After the First World War, administrative courts were established in several European countries. The law on the Supreme Administrative Court and its Jurisdiction in Czechoslovakia was adopted in 1918. The Law for the Supreme Administrative Court in Poland was issued in 1922. Administrative courts were also functioning in other countries (Latvia, Estonia). In Lithuania administrative courts were established for the first time in 1999, although up to fifteen draft laws on the Administrative Court were prepared in the interwar Lithuania. This article was written on the occasion of the centenary of the Polish administrative courts. Thus, the purpose of the article is to familiarize the readers with Lithuanian administrative courts, starting with the development of the institute of administrative justice from 1918 and ending with the perspectives of judicial review formed in that time. Therefore, the authors of the article set the following objectives: to remind of the origins of administrative justice in Lithuania from 1918 to 1940; to reveal the course of the establishment of administrative courts after the Restoration of the Independence of the Republic of Lithuania in 1990, briefly discussing who and on the basis of which legal acts controlled the legality of administrative acts during the Soviet era; to provide the insights of institutional development as well as competence development of the administrative courts; to present contemporary administrative process, giving some insights about the status quo; to present the features of and the most relevant reforms of administrative process. Abbreviations used in the article are as follows: CSARL – Central State Archive of the Republic of Lithuania, MDWLLAS – Manuscript Department of the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

1 Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

2 Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė J.

1 Bareikytė S.

1 Deviatnikovaitė I.

1 Jacevič B.

1 2023

1 2022

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Reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego na Litwie

Administrative Courts in Lithuania: History, Evolution, the Present, and Perspectives