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PL
Impact of the space density on the estimation of temporal duration - developmental changesAccording to the models emphasizing the role of memory in estimating time the morę elements the phenomenon contains, the longer is its subjective duration. Research on space perception shows that the subjective path length is positively related to the number of landmarks associated with a given route. The aim of our experiment was to analyze how the density of space influences the judgments of time needed to traverse it in children aged 4, 6 and 9 years. 120 children (20 girls an 20 boy s in each agę group) were tested individually. We presented them two 15-second videos that differ in the number of presented objects. Participants produ-ced prospective time estimations, using the specially designed clock. 9-year olds perceived space with a greater density with longer durations F(1.39) = 11.50, p < 0.005. The tendency for lengthening subjective time as aresult of increased density of space has appeared also in preschool groups, but the differences in the 4- and the 6-year-olds were not statistically significant.
PL
Perception of time: developmental changes in relationship between a road’s shape and estimated time needed to travel itPiaget’s studies on velocity, time and distance concept initiated the debate in developmental psychology on dependence of the time needed to travel a road on the road. Roads were straight lines in research that have been done till now. The present article discusses the problem of dependence of estimation of time needed to travel a road on the road’s shape. Children (ages 3 to 15) who were tested, marked time they thought was necessary to travel one of eight given roads on a special clock. The given roads were differentiated regarding shape or/and length. Developmental changes that were observed in the time estimation were: noticing that changing the shape of a road doesn’t mean changing the road’s length, regarding difficulties in traveling a road in increasing degree as well as extending time needed for traveling a road along with increased complication of the road’s shape. The influence of length on the outcome of the research was greater than the influence of the shape.
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RECENZJAJudy Dunn (2008), Przyjaźnie dzieci
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