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EN
In the article the author tries to represent in a synthetic way both continuity and changes in he ways of perceiving Africa in Poland within a long period of time- since Middle Ages till now. It is pointed out that the Polish images of Africa have always belon-ged to European views on that continent. The author doesn't agree with the common opinion that there was something specific and different in the way Africa was perceived in Poland due to the fact that Poland never took part in the slave - trade and colonization and at the end of the 18th century lost its national independence itself. Particular Polish history was sometimes believed to find expres-sion in better understanding of African problems. However, every-thing that has been written on Africa by Polish authors proves that our attitudes to and stereotypes of Africa were included in the all-European pattern, although some of our outstanding countrymen (Beniowski, Conrad, Malinowski) contributed to those attitudes to some extent.
EN
This article aims to draw attention, perception that refugees generally as a people passive, abrasion of specificity of culture, places and history, they do not necessarily have to reflect that. In the refugee camps sometimes arise very aware of their subjectivity refugee communities. Anthropologist Aristide Zolberg calls them "The New Palestinians", or "Refugee-Warriors". They create refugee identity and culture, aimed at returning to their country, to gain power, just like real Palestinians are threat to the existing political status quo and the existing borders and governments.
EN
John Garang, the dark skinned, stout and grey bearded strong man of the Sudan People Liberation Movement and Army (SPLM/A) was the first vice president in the Sudan from the South. During the last more than 20 years he was opposed to military rule and Islamic dominance of the country. Garang and the Bashir government signed a comprehensive, lengthily negotiated peace deal in January 2005, bringing to an end the civil war. He was charismatic and his uniting ability of the people of southern Sudanese together for struggle for freedom from Islamic oppression. He was a pan-African revolutionary who fought not only for the Southern Sudanese rights, but also for the liberty of other Africans as well. In late July 2005, Garang died after the Ugandan presidential helicopter he was flying in crashed. For many Sudanese peoples it is hard to grasp the significance of Garang's death. Like many African warlords, Garang was controversial in his life, but a national icon in death.
EN
Refugees impose a variety of security, economic and environ- mental burdens on host countries, but also embody a significant flow of resources in the form of international humanitarian assistance, economic assets and human capital. This article explores the challenges and opportunities for African local communities arising from the double impact of refugee - generated resources and security problems. It argues that the potential benefit for the local peoples go beyond the burdens imposed by a mass influx. Refugee resources and security threats potentially provide long-term gains, and, by compelling the state to strengthen its grip on border areas, enable the state to „harden" its presence there. However, for host states to realize the potential of refugee resources and continue hosting refugees, they must be assisted by appropriate humanitarian programmers.
EN
This article is based on field notes from the author’s first independent ethnographic research, conducted in 1989–1991 in Sudan. Reflecting on the path that led him to anthropology during the last decade of the Polish People’s Republic, just before the political transformation in Poland, he revisits his first ethnographic experience in the field, during student expeditions to Africa, focusing in particular on his long doctoral fieldwork in Sudan, spanning a year and a half. Examined years later, the text reveals facts, now salient but which then seemed obvious, or, for some reason, were not to be mentioned. The goal is to provide some insights into the history of Polish ethnography during the communist period.
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