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Idea państwa żydowskiego Alfreda Nossiga na tle kształtowania się doktryny syjonizmu politycznego

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Śliwa M.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2018
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vol. 58
20-40
EN
The Polish Jewish milieus in the Galicia and the Polish Kingdom regions participated to a significant extent in the development of the international Zionist movement and its political doctrine. A key contributing figure in this respect was Alfred Nossig (1864–1943), a writer, artist, politician and thinker, originating from Lvov’s assimilationist intelligentsia. At a time of intensified nation-building processes, the awakening of national aspirations of Jews in Central and Eastern Europe, and the development of the Zionist movement, in 1887 he published a collection of essays – which in the previous year originated as a series of articles in Lvov’s “Przegląd Społeczny” (“The Social Review”) – entitled Próba rozwiązania kwestii żydowskiej [An Attempt to Resolve the Jewish Question]. In the publication, he presented a programme of re-building the Jewish state in Palestine by settlers from Central and Eastern Europe, outlining the doctrinal underpinnings of the emerging Jewish movement. However, as a result of a range of circumstances, his ideas did not become the doctrinal basis of the international Zionist movement, but instead published a decade later Theodor Herzl’s oeuvre, Państwo żydowskie [The Jewish State], became one.
PL
Znaczący udział w tworzeniu międzynarodowego ruchu syjonistycznego i jego doktryny politycznej miały polskie środowiska żydowskie z terenu Galicji i Królestwa Polskiego. Reprezentatywną dla nich postacią był Alfred Nossig (1864–1943), literat, artysta, myśliciel, polityk, wywodzący się z lwowskiej inteligencji asymilatorskiej. W obliczu nasilających się procesów narodowotwórczych, rozbudzenia aspiracji narodowych Żydów w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej i postępów ruchu syjonistycznego ogłosił on w 1887 roku rozprawę pt. Próba rozwiązania kwestii żydowskiej, będącą przedrukiem cyklu artykułów z poprzedniego roku, zamieszczonych w lwowskim „Przeglądzie Społecznym”. Przedstawił w niej projekt odbudowy państwa żydowskiego w Palestynie przez osadników z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, stanowiący założenia doktrynalne tworzącego się nowego ruchu żydowskiego. Jednakże w wyniku różnych uwarunkowań podstawą doktrynalną międzynarodowego ruchu syjonistycznego nie stało się jego opracowanie, lecz dzieło Teodora Herzla Państwo żydowskie.
2
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Polscy socjaliści o konieczności urzeczywistnienia ustroju demokratyczno- -parlamentarnego w przyszłej Polsce

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Śliwa M.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2010
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vol. 3
PL
It is not possible to ignore the intellectual and organizational effort of the Polish socialists who, as early as the 1870s, tried to promote the idea that the best circumstances facilitating the implementation of the aims pursued by the workers could be found in the national state organized on the basis of democratic constitutional instruments. The socialists argued that only in the state of parliamentary democracy the workers and other working social strata may successfully fight for their objectives and rights while selecting the peaceful and democratic methods. Likewise, they argued that only the parliamentary democracy enabled them to arrive at full rights that should be accessible to them as citizens and nationals. By promoting these ideas they aroused among the workers and in the entire society of partitioned Poland the sense of citizenship and democracy. This, in its turn, allowed to base the concept of potential national independence upon the broad and solid social foundations. Likewise, this allowed to secure the democratic constitutional system to the restored state, and consequently to modernize social relationships in Poland along the peaceful and democratic lines.
3
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Wyobrażenia parlamentaryzmu: między dekoracją a realną władzą

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Śliwa M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
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2017
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issue 16
PL
The analysis deals with the constant presence of parliamentary ideas in Polish politicalthought of the 19th and 20th century. In the post-uprising reality it was the socialists thatpresented the advantages of democracy and parliamentary representation. They also triedto convince others of the possibility of building a new and just socio-political order on thebasis of the already existing state institutions. Independence provided the opportunity forinstitutionalizing democratic and parliamentary values, however, soon after the MarchConstitution was adopted this type of state organization became denied. The reasons forsuch an aggressive criticism of the parliamentary system expressed by various politicalenvironments stemmed from the socio-political and economic phenomena of the interwarperiod. The clashing political movements of National Democracy and Sanation preferreda centralized model of power. The process of restoring parliamentary democracy in Central-East Europe countries (i.e. those under the political influence of the USSR) after World WarII was affected by different kind of difficulties and obstacles. Following the Soviet mode,traditional parliamentarism was rejected as bourgeois and substituted with representationalsystem based on soviets and with no division of power. In Poland those solutions were notconsequently implemented and the strive for the revival of parliamentarism was visible inthe years of crisis, i.e. 1956, 1970, 1980, when discussions on the need for strengtheningand reinforcing the activity of Sejm sparked again and again. The claim for the revival ofparliamentarism came true only after the decline of real socialism. Nowadays the functioningof parliamentary democracy and its institutions is a topic for populist criticism.Key words: political thought, parliamentary democracy, parliamentarism, political culture
4
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Wyobrażenia parlamentaryzmu: między dekoracją a realną władzą

100%
Śliwa M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
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2016
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vol. 16
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issue 213
PL
The analysis deals with the constant presence of parliamentary ideas in Polish politicalthought of the 19th and 20th century. In the post-uprising reality it was the socialists thatpresented the advantages of democracy and parliamentary representation. They also triedto convince others of the possibility of building a new and just socio-political order on thebasis of the already existing state institutions. Independence provided the opportunity forinstitutionalizing democratic and parliamentary values, however, soon after the MarchConstitution was adopted this type of state organization became denied. The reasons forsuch an aggressive criticism of the parliamentary system expressed by various politicalenvironments stemmed from the socio-political and economic phenomena of the interwarperiod. The clashing political movements of National Democracy and Sanation preferreda centralized model of power. The process of restoring parliamentary democracy in Central-East Europe countries (i.e. those under the political influence of the USSR) after World WarII was affected by different kind of difficulties and obstacles. Following the Soviet mode,traditional parliamentarism was rejected as bourgeois and substituted with representationalsystem based on soviets and with no division of power. In Poland those solutions were notconsequently implemented and the strive for the revival of parliamentarism was visible inthe years of crisis, i.e. 1956, 1970, 1980, when discussions on the need for strengtheningand reinforcing the activity of Sejm sparked again and again. The claim for the revival ofparliamentarism came true only after the decline of real socialism. Nowadays the functioningof parliamentary democracy and its institutions is a topic for populist criticism.Key words: political thought, parliamentary democracy, parliamentarism, political culture
5
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The Horizons of Polish Political Thought

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Śliwa M.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2012
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vol. 41
9-21
EN
It is not without reason that we reflect more and more on the causes of the current state of political thinking in Polish society. Indeed, in modern times, difficult and uncertain, and turbulent times of great transformation, human thought is clearly not keeping pace. Given the rapidly changing external circumstances we have become increasingly confused and inept. We do not really know how to deal with the emerging threats and challenges of modern times, described by the eminent sociologist and philosopher Zygmunt Bauman as the era of “liquid modernity”. It is noticeable that our perception and image of social reality and our role in it, including its political dimension, is quite imperfect and restricted, and that our ideological life is in deep crisis or has perhaps even disappeared.
6
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Poznawanie dziejów myśli politycznej w procesie edukacji obywatelskiej i prawnej

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Śliwa M.
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
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2016
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vol. 15
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issue 2
21-34
EN
Knowledge of history, and especially knowledge of the history of political thought, plays a key role in shaping the political and legal culture of a society and its political elites. That is because this kind of learning enriches society’s self-knowledge and, as such, aids in making appropriate political choices and pursuing appropriate ways of engaging in politics. Such knowledge is of particular importance in the case of Polish society which is characterised by a low level of political and legal culture, which manifests itself, amongst other things, in a lack of care about the collective good, excessive egoism and individu- alism, a mistrust towards state authorities, low levels of social trust, and an inability to engage in collective action. Therefore, it is contemporarily necessary to develop in Poland an active form of citizenship and to strengthen the democratic attitudes of the Poles through drawing on the country’s past and the best values and democratic and humanistic ideals that can be found in the history of its political thought.
7
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Od Kalopei do Rzeczpospolitej Samorządnej. Próba charakterystyki polskich utopii socjalnych

100%
Śliwa M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
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2017
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vol. 18
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issue 247
PL
The research aim of this article was to analyze the socialist utopia as an idealistic inspirationin the process of democratizing the socio-political system in the perspective of two centuries;from the times of the imaging of the idealistic system picture by Wojciech Gutkowski inthe second half of the 18th century to the ancestors of Polish socialist thought, all the wayto the “Solidarity” revolution and further on, to the contemporary social life formed underthe influence of the emancipation ideas and determined by the factors of the informationrevolution and globalization processes. This is why the author of this article seeks an answerto a question, what role in the new conditions does the socialist utopia fulfill – an idealisticimpression of the social justice system, does it still have its impetus as a prospective ideaand did it not stop being an inspiration to reform the state system, does it play a role of anaxiological system in the form of a substitute on the conditions of the atrophy of the ethicalfundaments of the social life and idea secularization.Key words: social utopias, Polish socialists, “Solidarity”, system shift
8
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Diagnostyka obrazowa kamicy nerkowej

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Śliwa M., Piątkowska N., Kajzar M., Saran A., Jarzumbek A., Bień K., Kluczewska E., Lewek P.
Gabinet Prywatny
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2022
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vol. 281
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issue 02
36-42
EN
Nephrolithiasis is common disease that affects 5-20% of the population in which insoluble deposits precipitate in the urinary tract. It usually affects young and professionally active people, which is why it is not only a medical problem, but also a social one. Among men, the peak incidence occurs at the age of 30–40 years, and among women at the age of 30–40 years and at the age of 50–65 years. The classic symptom of urolithiasis is a renal colic. However, the appearance of symptoms is often preceded by a long period of asymptomatic urolithiasis. You can diagnose urolithiasis on the basis of imaging tests. Performing ultrasound examinations allows you to detect deposits in the kidneys at the early stage of the disease development. The diagnostic imaging also includes an abdominal examination, computed tomography and urography. Treatment is based on removing existing stones as well as reducing risk factors. Conservative treatment involving the use of painkillers is applied. On the other hand, the urological procedures used include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, flexible ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The prognosis depends on etiological factors and is usually good. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment improve the prognosis.
PL
Kamica nerkowa jest częstym schorzeniem występującym u 5–20% populacji. W przebiegu tej choroby w drogach moczowych wytrącają się nierozpuszczalne złogi. Zwykle dotyczy to ludzi młodych i czynnych zawodowo, co stanowi problem nie tylko medyczny, ale także społeczny. U mężczyzn szczyt zachorowań przypada na 30.–40. r.ż., a u kobiet 30. –40. oraz 50.–65. r.ż. Typowym objawem kamicy jest kolka nerkowa. Pojawienie się objawów często poprzedza długi okres kamicy bezobjawowej. Kamicę można rozpoznać na podstawie badań obrazowych, takich jak: zdjęcie rentgenowskie przeglądowe, ultrasonografia, spiralna tomografia komputerowa, urografia. Wykonywanie badań ultrasonograficznych pozwala wykryć złogi w nerkach na wczesnym etapie rozwoju choroby. Leczenie polega na usuwaniu istniejących kamieni, jak i na ograniczaniu czynników ryzyka. Leczenie zachowawcze kamicy opiera się na stosowaniu leków przeciwbólowych oraz spazmolitycznych. Natomiast do stosowanych zabiegów urologicznych należą: pozaustrojowa litotrypsja falą uderzeniową, elastyczna ureteroskopia, przezskórna nefrolitotomia.
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