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Kilka uwag o pozycji ustrojowej argentyńskiego Kongresu Narodowego

100%
Bożyk S.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
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2021
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issue 4 (62)
437-448
EN
The content of these short reflections contained in the article is the issue of the political position of the Argentine National Congress. In it, the author analyzes those regulations of the constitution which define the place and role of the lrgislative body within the presidential system of government. It focuses primarily on presenting the status of the parliament in the light of constitutional principles of the system in particular the principle of separation of powers. He then points to the mutual relations between the National Congress and the executive branch which are decisive for the effective status of the federal parliament. At the same time, he tries to show the impact of the 1994 revision of the constitution on the political position of the National Congress, which resulted in the introduction of certain elements of the parliamentary system of government into the political system of Argentina.
PL
Treścią tych kilku krótkich refleksji zawartych w artykule jest problematyka pozycji ustrojowej argentyńskiego Kongresu Narodowego. Autor analizuje w nim te regulacje ustawy zasadniczej, które określają miejsce i rolę organu władzy ustawodawczej w ramach prezydenckiego systemu rządów. Koncentruje się przede wszystkim na ukazaniu statusu parlamentu w świetle konstytucyjnych zasad ustrojowych, a zwłaszcza zasady podziału władz. Następnie zwraca uwagę na wzajemne relacje między Kongresem Narodowym a władzą wykonawczą, które są decydujące dla faktycznego statusu parlamentu federalnego. Stara się przy tym ukazać, jaki wpływ na pozycję ustrojową Kongresu Narodowego miała rewizja konstytucji w 1994 r., której wynikiem było wprowadzenie do ustroju politycznego Argentyny pewnych elementów parlamentarnego systemu rządów.
2
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Political system of the 5th French Republic and the Russian Federation regime

100%
Bożyk S.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2014
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vol. 22
EN
The study presents the issues of a semi-presidential political system which can be distinguished in a few European countries. First, the autor presents the 5th Republic in France which is undoubtedly a model of his political system. There is the description of the structure of the main state authorities and the relations between them. The autor indicates the constitutional status and the decisive role of the president of the republic as the most important feature of the French semi-presidential political system. The attention is also paid to the parliament with the emphasis on these legal and political solutions which lead to the restriction of the legislative status. The paper also includes the issues concerning political position and importance of the government as well as the scope of its responsibility before the parliament and before the president of the republic. After the presentation of the political system of the 5th Republic, the autor attempts to show if and to what extent the present French political institutions are reflected in the political system of the Russian Federation. Therefore, he presents the regulations in the legally binding Russian constitution of 1993 and characterises the political status of the highest state authorities in the Russian Federation: the president, the government and the parliament. The author mainly emphasises these legal regulations which are similar to the political solutions used in the semi-presidential political system of the 5th Republic.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
3
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Pozycja ustrojowa Rady Państwa w Konstytucji PRL z 22 lipca 1952 r.

100%
Bożyk S.
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
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2009
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vol. 8
161-174
EN
The position of the Council of State in the constitution from 1952 has been modeled on organs which existed in the states of so-called “real socialism”. It was based on the theory of the unity of state authority and on the theory of supremacy of the representative organs over other state bodies. The Council of State was, together with Sejm, the main state organ, but Sejm was regarded as a supreme organ. The Council of State was directly subordinated to Sejm, which could control its activity. It was described as a “smaller body” of Sejm, because only MPs could be elected to the Council of State. Its role and position was determined by the constitutional competences. The most important of them were connected with the replacing Sejm’s functions, such as passing the decrees, which had the same force as the acts of parliament. The Council of State was also a collective head of state, but its activity on this field de facto had no importance for its real position.
4
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Wacław Komarnicki, Polskie prawo polityczne (geneza i system), Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2008, 592 strony.

100%
Bożyk S.
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
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2009
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vol. 8
279-282
PL
Wacław Komarnicki, Polskie prawo polityczne (geneza i system), Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2008, 592 strony.
5
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Konstytucyjny status Prezydenta Republiki Armenii

100%
Bożyk S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
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2023
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vol. 104
9-22
EN
The article is devoted to the political position and role of the president of the Republic of Armenia. In it, the author analyses the transformations of the constitutional status of this supreme state body, together with subsequent amendments to the constitution, which have been made several times since the collapse of the USSR and Armenia’s acquisition of full sovereignty in 1991. The Constitution of 1995 shaped the position of the president in reference to the semi-presidential model, granting him a superior role in relation to other organs of the state, including the parliament. However, his powers were significantly limited after the 2005 amendment to the constitution. The status of the Armenian president has changed even more after the last revision of the constitution in 2015, which finally departed from the semi-presidential model and introduced a parliamentary system of government. Under this system, the president of Armenia has been assigned the role of head of state and the constitution does not even include it expressis verbis among the organs of the executive power.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony został pozycji ustrojowej i roli prezydenta Republiki Armenii. Autor analizuje w nim przeobrażenia statusu konstytucyjnego tego naczelnego organu państwowego wraz z kolejnymi nowelizacjami ustawy zasadniczej, które od chwili rozpadu ZSRR i uzyskania przez Armenię pełnej suwerenności w 1991 r. dokonywane były kilkakrotnie. Konstytucja z 1995 r. ukształtowała pozycję prezydenta w nawiązaniu do modelu semiprezydenckiego, przyznając mu nadrzędną rolę w stosunku do pozostałych organów państwa, w tym także wobec parlamentu. Jego uprawnienia zostały jednak istotnie ograniczone po nowelizacji konstytucji w 2005 r. Jeszcze bardziej status armeńskiego prezydenta zmienił się po ostatniej rewizji konstytucji z 2015 r., która odeszła ostatecznie od modelu semiprezydenckiego, wprowadzając system rządów parlamentarnych. W ramach tego systemu prezydentowi Armenii wyznaczona została rola głowy państwa i konstytucja nie zalicza go nawet expressis verbis do organów władzy wykonawczej.
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