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Lexikografická synonyma, kookurenční profily a ekvivalentace německých abstrakt

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Vachková M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2009
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vol. 91
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issue 2
78-90
EN
The German word-formation system is highly organized and systematized. This fact enables the authors of monolingual dictionaries to easily construct formally uniform meaning explications (e. g., Verklärung is explicated by means of the lexicographic synonyms das Verklären, das Verklärtwerden, das Verklärtsein). This strategy represents a scientific standard in German works. However, bilingual lexicographers who work with monolingual German dictionaries as important sources know that this usage makes finding Czech equivalents harder. Functionequivalent translation can be achieved by using new corpus tools (Related Co-occurrence Profiles, Co-occurrence Analysis, Self-Organizing Maps, Semantic Proximity Models) which help to identify clusters and hierarchized German synonyms.
2

FROM FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF SYNTACTIC SYNONYMY

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Findra J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2008
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vol. 73
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issue 1
7-14
EN
A study points out an idea, that a prerequisite of synonymy is a synonymous line as a place where an expression is in diverse semantic and stylistic relations with other members of the line. This is the way the author reasons for syntactic synonymy. On the basis of stylistic and pragmatic aspects he observes system and functional potential of syntactic variants of the synonymous line considering their semantic modifications but especially their stylistic nuances and functional potential. An analysis has shown that in spite of a limited number of the syntactic constructions, which result in a limited number of synonymous lines, syntactic synonymy - in addition to lexical synonymy - provides the biggest selection potential. This is another proof of an idea considering syntax as one of the most important style indicators.
3

VERBAL RELATIONS IN THE POLISH WORDNET

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Stepien T.
Cognitive Studies
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2008
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issue 8
223-235
EN
This paper presents an overview of verbal relations in the Polish WordNet (plWN). The author introduces a working distinction between 'relations between synsets' and 'relations between lexical units' and discusses both groups separately. The basic relation building up the base is synonymy as defined in Apresjan (2000). Lexical units linked by synonymy form sets of synonyms, or synsets, which further build the structure of the database and serve as the only means to specify senses of words. Another verbal relation defined in plWN is troponymy, which links: (i) a general verb denoting some action and a more specific one denoting performing this action in some particular way, (ii) verbs and their quasi-aspectual derivatives. Further, he defines and discusses antonymy, which groups all relations of contrast as defined in Lyons (1984) except for conversion, which is defined separately following Apresjan (2000). Relatedness holds between lexical units that are morphologically related, for example between verbs and their derivatives. The relation of entailment links verbs into pairs in which the activity denoted by one of the units is conditioned by the other. Hyponymy and hyperonymy belong to the second group of relations and form the hierarchical structure of plWN, linking superordinate lexical units, called Verbal Relations in the Polish WordNet 235 hyperonyms, with subordinate ones, called hyponyms. Although two separate names are used, we talk in fact about the same relation, which is characterised by reversibility and transitivity. Finally, the author summarizes the most important features of verbal relations in the Polish WordNet as compared to the Princeton WordNet and EuroWordNet, focusing on the existing differences in defining verbal hyponymy.
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