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EN
The notion of an endless and exotic space reflected in the title of Jean Rhys’s novel includes the possibility of hidden meanings as well as an intense feeling of the unknown and the inexpressible, which permeates the entire story and becomes an important source of the sublime. The self-conscious use of exoticist techniques and modalities of cultural representation might be considered less as a response to the phenomenon of the postcolonial exotic than as a further symptom of it, a result of the commodification of cultural difference.
EN
This article is aimed at establishing the place of exoticisms against the spectrum of other loan words. We consider increased language and cultural contacts, intensified in recent years. Additionally, we focus on the typology of loan words, taking into account their degree of assimilation to the rules of the recipient language. We define exoticisms as unassimilated loan words, whose main aim is to re-create various national features and name unknown cultural phenomena. The domination of cultural traits in the semantic structure of exoticisms (which constitutes the hallmark of this lexical group) is the basis of the proposed relation between the analyzed loan words and the so-called words-realities. Moreover, we put stress on the particular spheres of life in which exoticisms are used, as well as on their inner differentiation, connected with the nativization processes affecting the language.
FR
Chez Lenormand, la représentation de l’Afrique ne relève en rien de l’engouement passager ou de l’effet de mode. L’Autre, le colonisé, le renvoie presque douloureusement à sa position de Français colonisateur de métropole. Si son regard est fait de distance fascinée, de curiosité, de préjugés et de mauvaise conscience, quelle image son théâtre donne-t-il de l’Arabe, du Touareg ou du métis ? Est-il un personnage « exotique » ? Et surtout, quel sens donner à l’« exotisme » dans l’œuvre de Lenormand, notion qui a nourri d’importants débats littéraires et extralittéraires, et qui fait l’objet d’une réévaluation au XXe siècle ?
PL
The article aims to address the dynamically changing western gaze on the oriental scenery of Casablanca analysed from the perspective of psychoanalytical theory. Crucial to the analysis is the psychoanalytical interpretation of visual culture whose time-space transformations coincide on the border of cultures. The interpretation is particularly focused on the interpersonal relationship between the characters and space-time flashbacks by the symptomatic reading of elements of narrative derived from textual analysis of storytelling. The psychoanalytical framework puts an emphasis on the interpretation of the places where the film’s events occurred in terms of a phantasmatic scene.
EN
The article presents a comparative analysis of two Polish translations of Leonid Andreev’s short story Жизнь Василия Фивейского, made by: Stanislawa Kruszewska (Żywot Bazylego Fiwejskiego) and Henryk and Jan Zbierzchowski (Życie o. Wasyla / Ojciec Wasyl z Teb). The aim of the comparison is to describe numerous types of manipulation strategies used by Zbierzchowski brothers in order to adjust the story to the norms of target culture. The changes in their translation are related to cultural, aesthetic and gender “strangeness”, which has been removed from the text. In the Author’s opinion, most of the assimilating strategies used by translators should be analyzed in the context of Henryk Zbierzchowski’s literary works.
EN
This paper concentrates on the ways in which exoticisms should be translated from Polish to Russian. We focus on the exoticisms used in Cesarz and Podróże z Herodotem by R. Kapuściński. In this text we stress the need to preserve the local cultural coloring of a given exoticism in the process of translation. Moreover, we notice that a unified definition of the term exoticism is necessary, and the lack thereof makes it more difficult to single out exoticisms from among other borrowings. We also touch upon the issue of the so-called third culture while our interest in it results from the very nature of travel essays, which often acquaint the readers with exotic cultural realities.
EN
Belly dance has become one of the most popular dances in Taiwan today, with women of various ages participating in this imported dance. With respect to this speedy expansion, the purpose of this study is to investigate current developments, and to distinguish features of Taiwanese belly dance. The method adopted is literature analysis: a large number of Internet news items were collected to capture the trend of belly dancing in Taiwan. This study concludes that belly dance in Taiwan is primarily presented as: an exercise that is beneficial for health; widely accessible and partially embedded in local life; an exercise for all age groups and genders; a blend of multiple cultural elements; outstanding dancers acclaimed as the pride of Taiwan. The representation showed that the development of belly dance was influenced by the Taiwanese social background. Within the Taiwanese cultural landscape of meanings, belly dance moves between the exotic and the local. This study argues that belly dance is better described as "localised-exoticism" in Taiwan.
PL
The aim of the article is to characterize the keywords referring to the image of Africa in “The Continents” magazine (“Kontynenty”). The introduction describes a manifesto of Kenyan intellectual Kenneth Binyavanga Wainaina – “How to write about Africa”. The next section briefly discusses the source base – the profile of the magazine. Then, the author analyses texts published in “The Continents” according to the selected keywords in the matter of Africa.
EN
The aim of this article is to provide the reader with very specific customs in national cuisines, especially Afghan and Iranian. The food is an essential part of the Muslim culture. As novels from exotic environments have appeared on our book market, it is necessary to think of possible translatological solutions of so-called culture-motivated expressions. We have chosen two novels for our analysis. Both novels are originally written in English and set in the Muslim countries
PL
Celem artykułu było przedstawienie czytelnikowi określonych zwyczajów w kuchniach narodowych, zwłaszcza afgańskich i irańskich. Jedzenie jest istotną częścią kultury muzułmańskiej. Ponieważ na współczesnym rynku wydawniczym pojawiło się dużo książek opisujących egzotyczny świat dla szeroko pojętego Zachodu, należy pomyśleć o możliwych rozwiązaniach translatologicznych tzw. wyrażeń motywowanych kulturą. Do analizy w niniejszym opracowaniu wybrano dwie powieści. Obie zostały napisane w języku angielskim, lecz ich akcja rozgrywa się w krajach muzułmańskich
EN
The majority of mass men in the American environment exhibit predictable and similar patterns of behavior as tourists. Pre-Industrial Revolution modes of traveling as liberation and exploration are now thwarted by the leveling effect of globalization and the illusion of information fueled by the all-pervasive mass media. Claims about the role of routine or the quest for authenticity are challenged as genuine motivations for mass tourism. Both the American culture and travel destinations in developing countries have authentic content that is largely ignored in favor of sensationalism and cliché. Excessive regimentation in the US creates the acute need for transcending to which popular culture finds accessible solutions through tourism: an experience of concentrated yet vague exoticism which feels liberating without yielding exploration. Travel destinations are shaped to American standards of material comfort and even adopt western popular culture icons in an effort to supply accessible familiar experiences of western entertainment. Various kinds of difficulty that once stimulated travelers are now relieved by travel agencies, rendering the experience of traveling less personal and more like TV entertainment. Old notions of space, time and reality itself are blurred in favor of a hyper-reality where fiction dominates.
EN
The paper focuses on ethnologic and cultural-anthropologic analysis of freak shows. This was one of the forms of Eurocentric and inhumane approach to corporal and cultural dissimilarities in members of extra-European cultures, or physically handicapped people whose differences became a subject of exhibitions and other forms of public presentations. The freak shows accentuated particularly exotic features of different individuals, their morphological dissimilarities and any other deviations and anomalies differing from the standards related to European population. The paper describes, analyses and interprets historical, cultural, social and power factors and causes which made it possible to turn “the others” into a subject of amusement, astonishment and comic. The paper presents principles and strategies employed by freak shows, mostly determined by their impresarios (Phineas Taylor Barnum, Carl Hagenbeck, Albert Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, William Leonard Hunt). In addition to circuses, zoological gardens and wax museums, the paper does not ignore the influence these freak shows had on theatres, music halls and cabarets. The final part of the paper reveals the inhumane message of freak shows which were grounded on ideological and power construction of Eurocentric cultural standards and values. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to a frequently omitted field of ethnology and cultural anthropology, as well as to the negative consequences resulting from constructing “the others” in the context of mass entertainment and the comic.
FR
Prenant le contre-pied de la thèse de la fin de l’exotisme dans la littérature contemporaine, l’auteur de l’article examine la permanence du discours exotique dans les romans « japonais » d’Amélie Nothomb : Stupeur et tremblements, Métaphysique des tubes et Ni d’Ève ni d’Adam. Chez la romancière belge, le recours à l’exotisme semble participer d’une dynamique identitaire qui lui permet de se distancier progressivement du pays idéalisé de son enfance auquel elle s’identifiait auparavant. L’exotisation du Japon effectuée par l’auteure trouve souvent un prolongement dans les lectures de ses romans. Ces derniers contiennent toutefois aussi un potentiel désexotisant, activé dans d’autres interprétations. Ainsi l’exotisation et la désexotisation du Japon semblent-elles dépendre autant de la romancière que de ses lecteurs et lectrices.
EN
Taking issue with the thesis about the end of exoticism in contemporary literature, the author of the article analyses the permanence of exotic discourse in Amélie Nothomb’s “Japanese” novels: Fear and Trembling, The Character of Rain and Tokyo Fiancée. The Belgian novelist seems to appeal to the exotic because of the dynamics of her identity: it allows her to distance herself from the idealized country of the childhood. The exoticization of Japan by the author is often reinforced in readings of her novels. However, her novels also possess some de-exoticizing potential, activated in other interpretations. So, exoticization and de- exoticization seem to be equally dependent on the identity of the novelist and of the readers.
PL
Polemizując z tezą o końcu egzotyki w literaturze współczesnej, autor artykułu analizuje formy dyskursu egzotycznego w „japońskich” powieściach Amélie Nothomb: Z pokorą i uniżeniem, Metafizyka rur oraz Ani z widzenia, ani ze słyszenia. Odwoływanie się do egzotyki przez belgijską powieściopisarkę wydaje się uwarunkowane dynamiką rozwoju jej tożsamości, pozwalając jej zdystansować się stopniowo od wyidealizowanego kraju dzieciństwa, z którym wcześniej się identyfikowała. Egzotyzacja Japonii dokonana przez autorkę często znajduje dopełnienie w odczytaniach jej powieści. Te ostatnie posiadają jednak również pewien potencjał dezegzotyzujący, uruchamiany w innych interpretacjach. A więc egzotyzacja i dezegzotyzacja Japonii wydają się w równym stopniu uzależnione od powieściopisarki, co od jej czytelników oraz czytelniczek.
PL
The article discusses Kazimierz Lux’s travel entitled The description of the island of San-Domingo, which was published „Biblioteka Warszawska” in 1854 (v. 4, p. 197–223). It is a paraliterary notation of the stay of the „Polish pirate” in the Antilles, where, as a soldier of the French 114 th brigade formed by Napoleon, he suppressed the slave uprising. Lux’s text is a fairly detailed study of San-Domingo’s climatic, geographical and living conditions, plant crops and livestock; however, above all, it is a fascinating record of a Pole’s encounter from the early nineteenth century with the exoticism of the second hemisphere
EN
The aim of this paper is to present a particular relationship between the painter and the poet, and to examine the influences of Gauguin’s vision that Segalen calls Maître-du-Jouir on the literary creation of the writer. The two Frenchmen had much in common: a sense of mystery, a fascination with the primitive and the exotic, and a gift for ambiguity. From 1903 until his death in 1919, Segalen’s poetry and prose would, like Gauguin’s art, try to discover the exotic on its own terms while increasingly confronting the limits of the Western artist’s own powers of apprehension. In Les Immémoriaux (translated into English as A Lapse of Memory), Segalen adopts a Maori point of view to comment on Western culture. The author’s greatest feat was breaking with the colonial exoticism of such nineteenth-century writer-travelers as Pierre Loti for example. Where those authors made no pretence about surrendering Western, or even imperial, values while depicting foreign cultures, Segalen, imitating his Master Gauguin, was intensely self-conscious about his depictions of the other in ways that seem especially modern. In his ethnographic novel, Segalen performs a kind of translation from one art to another which is, for him, a creative process by itself.
FR
L’idée de cet article vise à présenter une relation  particulière entre le peintre et le poète, et à examiner les influences de la vision de Gauguin, que Segalen nomme Maître-du-Jouir, sur la création littéraire de l’écrivain. Les deux Français avaient beaucoup en commun: un sens du mystère, une fascination pour le primitif et l’exotique et un don pour l’ambiguïté. À partir de 1903 jusqu’à sa mort en 1919, la poésie et la prose de Segalen tenteront, à l’instar de l’art de Gauguin, de découvrir l’exotisme à sa manière tout en confrontant de plus en plus les limites du pouvoir d’appréhension de l’artiste occidental. Dans Les Immémoriaux, Segalen adopte un point de vue maori pour commenter la culture occidentale. Le plus grand exploit de l’auteur était de rompre avec l’exotisme colonial d’écrivains voyageurs du XIXe siècle, à titre d’exemple Pierre Loti. Là où ces auteurs ne prétendaient pas renoncer aux valeurs occidentales, voire impériales, tout en décrivant des cultures étrangères, Segalen, imitant son Maître Gauguin, était extrêmement conscient de ses représentations de l’autre de manière particulièrement moderne. Segalen réalise dans son roman ethnographique une sorte de translation d’un art à l’autre qui est, pour lui, une démarche créatrice par elle-même.
EN
For more than two hundred years now, the artistic heritage of the French naïve painter Henri Rousseau “Le Douanier” has not been stopping to amaze people and leading to very diverse reactions. One of artistic headlines of his era states: ”Mr. Henri Rousseau creates horrible things that amuse”. His paintings, often described as being ”naïve” or ”primitive”, are actually not as trivial as they may seem. They are in fact a result of thorough analysis augmented with the authors visions of distant lands and exotics. And while some regard his talent as a subject of ridicule, others adore it - especially the members of the Paris Avant-garde. This article focuses on paintings that belong to the “Jungle” series, made between 1891 and 1910, and shows the origins of the revolutionary perception of the world and nature as perceived by Rousseau. These origins along with his endless imagination enabled the painter to create complex collages from the images he found in Paris zoos and botanical gardens. After breaking the chains of rigid saloon rules and artistic education Henri Rousseau turned his “naivety” into his greatest weapon. After that he could develop his visions of fairytale jungles full of diverse colors, light and wild animals that await their next pray.
RU
Главная задача переводчиков сегодня это не только отлично понять язык оригинала, но также и передать его дух и творческие, а также артистические взгляды. Поэтому переводчик должен быть в состоянии различить литературное и художественное выражение от обычных слов текста.
EN
The main task that translators face today is to not only to perfectly understand the language of the original, but also to convey the spirit of the work with its creative and artistic thinking. Therefore, the translator must be able to distinguish between literary, artistic expression and ordinary words.
EN
This article studies the tools and strategies employed in the creation of caricature in one of the prototypical works of the European exotic discourse. Le Jardin des Supplices is indeed an important milestone in the formation of stereotypes about China; however, this representation, far from seeking to develop a realistic depiction of China, or even to point out its supposed barbarity, aims, on the contrary, at producing a caricature of its counterpart, Europe, while using verbal and figurative exacerbation as main devices. Le Jardin des Supplices acts as a mirror in which the West recognizes itself in the described phantasmagorical utopia; in this sadistic farce, we will therefore identify both a parody of European institutional structures and a pastiche of the characteristic features of literary decadence. Notwithstanding, Le Jardin des Supplices provides a lasting and ironical view of the representation of China and the Chinese in the collective unconscious.
FR
Cet article étudie les stratégies de la caricature dans Le Jardin des supplices, œuvre emblématique du discours exotique et jalon dans la constitution des stéréotypes sur la Chine. Cependant, le récit, loin de chercher à représenter une Chine réaliste, ni même à en indiquer la barbarie supposée, vise au contraire à produire en creux une caricature de son pendant européen. Le Jardin des supplices a ainsi une vocation spéculaire, par laquelle l'Occident se reconnaît dans l’utopie fantasmagorique proposée ; on identifiera alors à la fois, dans cette farce sadique, une parodie des structures institutionnelles européennes et un pastiche des traits caractéristiques de la décadence littéraire. Nonobstant, Le Jardin des supplices informe bien durablement, et au second degré, la représentation de la Chine et des Chinois dans l’inconscient collectif.
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PL
Eugène Fromentin należy do tych wyjątkowych artystów, którzy odnieśli sukcesy w malarstwie i w literaturze. W swojej epoce odniósł duży sukces dzięki obrazom przedstawiającym algierską przyrodę i obyczaje tego kraju. Utalentowany pisarz, zafascynowany orientalizmem, podróżował do Algierii i Egiptu, by szukać ożywczych impulsów dla własnej wyobraźni, eksploatować go artystycznie i wyobrażeniowo jako rozległą przestrzeń wszelkich możliwości. Przywożąc ze swych podróży na Wschód obrazy będące wyrazem jego samotniczego usposobienia, Fromentin „uzupełnił” we właściwy sobie sposób swe dokonania malarskie, publikując trzy dzienniki podróży: Lato na Saharze (1857), Rok w Sahelu (1859) i Notatki z podróży do Egiptu (1881). W przedmowie do wydania swej drugiej książki podróżniczej, napisał, że celem jego pisarstwa „orientalizującego” nie jest powtarzanie wrażeń malarskich, ale wyrażenie tych odczuć, które może wyrazić wyłącznie słowo. W naszym artykule chcemy pokazać Fromentina jako malarza, pisarza, podróżnika, krytyka sztuki, człowieka wielu talentów, niesłusznie zapomnianego, dla którego malarstwo było impulsem do stworzenia dzieła wielowymiarowego.
EN
Eugène Fromentin belongs to those outstanding artists who achieved successes in both painting and literature. In his epoch, he was greatly successful thanks to his paintings depicting Algerian nature and customs of that country. A talented writer, fascinated with orientalism, he travelled to Algeria and Egypt in order to search for invigorating impulses for his own imagination, to exploit them artistically and imaginatively as a vast space of sundry possibilities. From his travels to the East, Fromentin brought with him paintings being expressions of his solitary disposition and ‘supplemented’ his painting achievements in his unique way by publishing three travel diaries, A Summer in the Sahara (1857), A Year in Sahel (1859) and Notes from the Journey to Egypt (1881). In the preface to his second travel book he wrote that the objective of his ‘orientalising’ writing was not to restate the painting impressions but to express those feelings that only words can express. In our paper we want to show Fromentin as a painter, writer, traveller, art critic, a man of many talents, undeservedly forgotten, for whom painting was an impulse for creating multidimensional works.
EN
The 19th century fascination with culture and art of the Orient was revealed not only in painting and literature but also in interior design. Among oriental decorations one can single out a few style tendencies, with Moorish style inspired with art of Islamic countries as one of them. Fashion for this style affected both royal residences, public edifices and bourgeois apartments. Moorish style was applied in decoration of theatres, circuses, concert halls, casinos, restaurants, cafes, baths, swimming pools, and brothels as well. In private interiors oriental decoration was used in living rooms, billiard parlours, smoking rooms and bathrooms. Collector’s houses and artists’ ateliers too were arranged following Moorish mode. In the 19th century Moorish style was associated with ease, leisure and entertainment originated in Eastern countries; it also expressed fascinations, sentiments and memories of the Orient. Eastern ornaments encouraged irregular, asymmetric, bizarre and surprising arrangements, and combinations of various materials and colors. Interiors decorated this way created atmosphere of extraordinariness and wealth, and surrounded their owners with the impression of mystery or prestige.
EN
From Pierre Loti to Nicolas Bouvier, via Roland Barthes and many other Western travellers, the perception of Japanese women and their otherness since the 1860s has been constantly enriched by diverse and recurring mental images linked to a certain form of exoticism and Japonism. It seems essential to enrich the reflections on the concept of the otherness of feminine discourse in order to shed new light on major issues of the history of French women travellers, the French imagination of Japan and Japanese exoticism. This article explores some avenues of reflection on the construction of the figure of the Japanese woman, a pillar theme of travel literature, present in travel writings produced by French women. How to meet the other and the other’s elsewhere when this other is also a woman? What is the perception of Japanese women in French women’s travel writings? What areas of the allegory of the elsewhere inherited from a dominant discourse of male travellers can be found (or not) in these discourses of women travellers? Beginning from the concept of Mousmé, introduced by Loti, and all the exotic load that results from it, the author reflects on the circumstances of encounters and the particularities of writings from the perception of the other as a female and her feminity. But it is not simply a question of entering into a purely comparative vision by confronting women travellers with dominant male travel literature. By analysing several writings in the light of a collective Japanese imagination in French, the author can reveal facets of Japanese exoticism and otherness hitherto subcontracted and intrinsically linked to women’s travel practices; but also open the door to a reflection on the importance of enriching the mental representations of Japan with narrative produced by women about women.
FR
De Pierre Loti à Nicolas Bouvier, en passant par Roland Barthes et bien d’autres encore, la perception des femmes japonaises et de leur altérité n’a cessé de s’enrichir d’images mentales diverses et récurrentes liées à une certaine forme d’exotisme et de japonisme. Mais que dire du discours des voyageuses françaises ? Que dire de ces femmes, grandes oubliées de l’Histoire du voyage français au Japon ? Parfois dans l’ombre de leur mari, parfois parce que l’histoire a oublié leur épisode japonais... Ou tout simplement parce que personne n’avait désiré faire parler (ou n’avait même pu trouver) les sources léguées par ces dernières, on évoque peu leurs écrits de voyage et surtout leur perception de l’allogène japonais.Il nous paraît indispensable d’enrichir les réflexions sur le concept d’altérité d’un discours féminin afin d’apporter un nouvel éclairage à des enjeux majeurs de l’histoire des voyageuses françaises, de l’imaginaire français du Japon et de l’exotisme japonais. Il ne s’agit pas simplement d’entrer dans une vision purement comparatiste voyageurs-voyageuses, mais plutôt d’explorer d’autres facettes de l’altérité et d’autres images mentales liées à la femme Japonaise en voyageant d’un versant à l’autre.Cette altérité s’entend bien sûr au sens de contact physique, de rencontre de l’autre; or, une voyageuse n’ira justement pas à la rencontre du Japon de la même façon que ses homologues masculins, ne serait-ce que parce les pratiques et enjeux du voyage en tant que femme donnent à voir (ou à ne pas voir) certaines choses et à faire l’expérience du Japon d’une autre façon. De facto, les modalités de la rencontre et les interactions produisent des perceptions qui diffèrent de celles auxquelles l’historiographie nous a habitué. L’altérité se pense alors comme une rencontre entre le « soi » occidental et l’« autre » japonais, qui se déclinent tous les deux au féminin.Dans notre article, nous explorons quelques axes de réflexion de la construction de la figure de la femme japonaise dans la littérature viatique produite par des femmes françaises liés à l’altérité, la perception de l’allogène et l’exotisme. Comment rencontre-t-on l’autre et son ailleurs quand cet autre est aussi une autre ? Quel regard portent les voyageuses françaises sur les femmes japonaises dans leurs écrits de voyage ? Existe-t-il une forme de sororité, une proximité ou bien même encore une intimité ? Comment appréhender et comprendre sa différence quand l’autre est elle aussi une femme ? L’autre est-elle un alter-ego japonais au féminin ? Quels espaces de l’allégorie de l’ailleurs hérités d’un discours dominant de voyageurs masculins est-il possible de retrouver (ou non) dans ces discours de voyageuses ?Les éléments de réponses à ces questionnements permettront d’ouvrir la porte à une réflexion sur l’importance d’enrichir l’interprétation de l’altérité japonaise en analysant des discours produits par des femmes (ainsi que leur contexte de production) et en abordant entre autres des thématiques inédites dans le processus de construction de l’image de la femme japonaise et sa féminité tout en présentant une certaine constance dans l’imaginaire exotique japonais convoqué par les récits de voyage, aussi bien féminins que masculins.
PL
Od Pierre’a Loti do Nicolasa Bouviera, przez Rolanda Barthesa i wielu innych podróżników z Zachodu, postrzeganie japońskich kobiet i ich inności od lat 60. XX wieku stale wzbogacane jest przez różnorodne i powracające obrazy mentalne związane z pewną formą egzotyki i japońskości. Wzbogacenie refleksji nad pojęciem inności kobiecego dyskursu wydaje się autorce tego artykułu niezbędne, aby rzucić nowe światło na główne zagadnienia historii francuskich podróżniczek, francuskiego wyobrażenia Japonii i japońskiej egzotyki. Niniejszy artykuł zgłębia niektóre kierunki refleksji nad konstrukcją postaci japońskiej kobiety, filaru literatury podróżniczej, obecnego w zapisach z podróży, których autorkami były Francuzki. Jak spotykać się z innym i jego przestrzenią, gdy innym jest ona? Jaka jest percepcja japońskich kobiet w literaturze podróżniczej tworzonej przez Francuzki? Jakie obszary alegorii innego miejsca, odziedziczonej po dominującym dyskursie podróżników płci męskiej, można odnaleźć (lub nie) w dyskursie podróżniczek? Wychodząc od koncepcji Mousmé wprowadzonej przez Lotiego i wynikającego z niej egzotycznego ładunku, autorka zastanawia się nad okolicznościami kontaktu z odmiennością i specyfiką literatury dotyczącej kobiecej inności z punktu widzenia kobiet. Ale nie jest to tylko kwestia wejścia w czysto porównawczą wizję poprzez skonfrontowanie kobiet podróżujących z dominującą męską literaturą podróżniczą. Analizując wybrane teksty w świetle zbiorowej japońskiej wyobraźni, możemy ukazać aspekty japońskiej egzotyki i inności, do tej pory nierozerwalnie związane z kobiecymi praktykami podróżniczymi, a także stworzyć dogodne warunki do refleksji nad znaczeniem wzbogacenia mentalnych obrazów Japonii o narrację tworzoną przez kobiety o kobietach.
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