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EN
The paper focuses on the opportunities of animalistic nominations as means of human identification and qualification. We use as an example such animalistic nomination as bear in Russian and Bulgarian language and culture, and also bear as a component of Russian and Bulgarian phraseological units. In the category of human language, built on the association with the animal world, find the mapping features of the national spirit and culture. The study aims to examine linguistics and culture specificity in human characterization Russian and Bulgarian language.
EN
In the paper, we address the question of the relation between language and culture from a Cognitive Linguistic perspective. While accounting for the role of language as an aid to cultural transmission in maintaining the community’s conceptual order, we address the question of whether the concept of a linguistic worldview aptly captures the interplay between language and culture. We suggest that, due to cumulative cultural evolution spurred by the incessant development of human knowledge, layers of conceptualisations accumulate over time. It is proposed that this palimpsest of conceptualisations results from human interaction that transcends the constraints of the present moment, encompassing the past and present, as well as delineating possible developments of the community’s future conceptual order.
PL
The aim of the paper is to discuss the perspectives of the functional stylistics. Functional-stylistic approach is based on the idea of the socio-cultural determinants of the functional styles. Each functional style represents a distinct fragment of social reality (social context, by P. Sztompka, or functional system, by M. Fleischer) and stylistic studies are connected with intercultural linguistics. The natural consequence of this theoretical assumption is a need for two-level social stratification of language varieties: category of the functional style and the culturally marked substyles. Linguistic study of substyles (as well as study of the culturally marked varieties and discourses) should be an essential part of the functional stylistics. The intercultural linguistics contributes to the development of the knowledge about the mutual conditioning of language and culture.
EN
The article deals with problems of linguistic stereo typification of ethno cultural space. In author’s opinion identity of lingvo culture is depended on the specific system of interconnections of subject and linguistic meanings, verbal stereotypes and lingvo cognitive systems which is the base of world vision and world perception of each people. The linguistic stereotypes as subjective determine representations (a) reproduce objective and estimative attributes of named object or phenomenon, which is distinguished by the result of interpretation of reality in the space ethno relevant cognitive models, (b) stipulate the character and the content of connotative meanings of ward, (c) create the peculiar ethno semantic aura of language and ethno linguistic mind as the result of representation the stereotypical perception of the world in the language in correspondence with defined value and semantic coordinates of one or another lingvo culture.
EN
Leaving one’s homeland comes as a shock for an emigrant and his family. It is even more difficult when they decide to settle down in a country as far away from Poland as Australia is. Its exotic character, so different from European li festyle conventions, can cause difficulties in adapting to the new culture and make the whole process last longer. Language and culture – the two elements closely connected with emigration a re discussed in the article. On the one hand there is a need to preserve one’s own values, on the other, however at the same time, one must adapt to new values to avoid isolation.
EN
The article deals with some questions of cultural marked texts as significant transmitters of culturological information at the process of indirect cross-cultural communication. Concepts are considered as logic-linguistic units of world pattern. Concept sphere of fiction is represented as unity of fiction concepts including cultural marked ones which form fiction discourse during reading. It is proved that agreement and disagreement of fiction discourse parameters which are forming during reading of translated texts and original ones depend on culturological qualification of translator. Further, the structure of nominative field at fiction concept sphere, its ethnomarked level, is described. Tendencies of translating culture as ethnodesignations at nominative field of fiction concept sphere are also shown. Quantity of semantic equivalence at context meaning of cultural marked units of original text and translated one is identified.
EN
This essay showcases the results of a survey conducted on a sample of Italian speakers which focused on their perception of languages. The research, carried out in the second half of 2019, has enabled corroborating the initial hypothesis about the existence of preconceptions and stereotypes associated with the perception of foreign languages and cultures (Elman & McClelland 1986) by Italian people. In particular, a questionnaire was used to clarify which adjectives are commonly associated with selected foreign languages, in order to identify certain trends and stereotypes. The survey is based on ethnolinguistic and language education studies (Cardona 2006), and was performed through data collection techniques used in ethnography and sociolinguistics (Tagliamonte 2006).
EN
The present text is the review article of the book of Ewa Straś entitled "Ангел / Angel in the Russian-Polish comparison: semantico-ethnocultural aspect" (Ternopil, Krok, 2013, 352 pp.). In Polish Slavistics the monograph is recognised as the first work that shows the panoramic approach to the concept. The main attention is focused on the semantic aspect of names connected with angels and their functioning in text. The topic of angels is treated by the author as a phenomenon of culture, represented by the richness of lexical means. She presents the picture of angel in both compared linguistic and cultural areas, taking into consideration similarities as well as differences in their images.
PL
Niniejszy tekst jest artykułem recenzyjnym książki Ewy Straś pt. Ангел / Anioł в русско-польском сопоставлении: семантико-этнокультурный аспект" (Тернополь: Крок, 2013, 352 с.). W slawistyce polskiej monografia ta stanowi pierwsze panoramiczne ujęcie wskazanego konceptu. Przedmiotem badań jest warstwa semantyczna nominacji związanych z aniołami oraz ich funkcjonowanie w tekście. Tematykę anioła badaczka traktuje w wymiarze fenomenu kultury, który reprezentowany jest przez bogactwo środków leksykalnych. Autorka zestawiła obrazy anioła w obu porównywanych przestrzeniach językowych i kulturowych wskazując zarówno na podobieństwa, jak i różnice w ich wizerunkach.
EN
The study responds to Jerzy Bartminski’s call for using various kinds of data in doing ethnolinguistic research. The authors, thus, champion (i) the necessity of including textual data in reconstructing a linguistic worldview as well as (ii) a culturally-oriented non-systemic lexical semantics. That ethnolinguistic reconstruction cannot be based merely on dictionary-like information is shown by a critical assessment of purely systemic analyses of hussy, pheasant, and maid. It is concluded that textual evidence should be extensively explored and systematically used in cognitive ethnolinguistics as primary, rather than as supplementary data.
PL
Autorzy dowodzą konieczności uwzględnienia danych tekstowych przy rekonstrukcji JOS-u w myśl koncepcji etnolingwistyki kognitywnej Jerzego Bartmińskiego. Na przykładzie trzech kategorii konceptualnych oznaczonych angielskimi leksemami hussy ‘latawica’, pheasant ‘bazant’, i maid ‘pokojówka’, ‘panna’, pokazują na ile i o ile zmienia się językowy obraz świata po uzupełnieniu danych systemowych w postaci definicji słownikowych o znaczenia kontekstowe obecne w wybranych tekstach. Swoje rozważania i analizy umieszczają w szerszym kontekście metodologicznym, tj. sporu o sposób rozumienia i uprawiania semantyki leksykalnej. W tym względzie kontrastują metodologie JOS-u, otwarta na wiele typów danych, w tym danych tekstowych, z taką praktyką badawcza, która programowo zorientowana jest wyłącznie na dane słownikowo-encyklopedyczne.
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PL
Artykuł rozpoczyna się od przeglądu najważniejszych teorii i tez o ścisłym związku języka i sposobu widzenia świata. Autorka przywołuje tu poglądy takich uczonych, jak Humboldt, Sapir, Whorf, Wierzbicka i innych. Zwraca uwagę na dwa aspekty powiązań miedzy językiem a myśleniem: (1) wpływ języka macierzystego na sposób myślenia człowieka wychowanego w tym języku i posługującym się nim; (2) utrwalenie w języku potocznych schematów myślenia wspólnoty językowej. Autorka podkreśla konieczność szerszych i systematycznych badań, o charakterze antropologicznym, prowadzonych w wielu odmiennych językach, przy zastosowaniu jednakowej metodologii, w celu weryfikacji lub falsyfikacji badanego zagadnienia. Przypuszcza, że takie spojrzenie na języki przyczyniłoby się do ich głębszego poznania oraz do lepszego określenia podobieństw i różnic między poszczególnymi językami, a co za tym idzie – kulturami mówiących nimi narodów.
EN
The article begins with an overview of the most important theories and issues associated with the close relation between language and the perception of the world. The author refers to ideas presented by scholars such as Humboldt, Sapir, Whorf, or Wierzbicka. She points to the two aspects related to the relationship between language and thought processes, i.e. (1) the influence of the first language on the way of thinking of native speakers of the said language, and (2) the fossilization of common thought schemas of a given language community in that language. The author highlights the necessity for wider and more systematic anthropological research. Such research would have to be carried out in many different languages, with the use of a unified methodology, in order to verify or falsify the suggested hypothesis. The author assumes that such a perspective would contribute to a deeper understanding of language and a better assessment of similarities and differences between individual languages, and in consequence, cultures of these language communities.
EN
The article examines the emotive connotation of gustatory metaphor in Russian and Bulgarian media texts. Area source of gustatory metaphors is relatively constant in time, because the taste sensation is characterized by a certain stability and relative permanence. Emotive connotation as an emotional and the evaluated characteristics of the object, transmitted by metaphorical way, seems to be one of the most important ways of implicit or explicit impact on the intellect, the will and the emotional state of the recipient. The main task of the article is to outline the second frame of submetaphor ‘Evaluation of taste sensations’, which consists of two main slots: ‘positive / negative evaluation’ and ‘complementary evaluation’. The analyzed material shows the simulated emotive connotation of modern taste metaphors in inherent and adherent forms.
RU
В статье рассматривается эмотивная коннотация вкусовой метафоры в русских и болгарских медиатекстах. Сфера источника вкусовой метафоры является относительно постоянной во времени, поскольку вкусовые ощущения характеризуется определенной стабильностью и относительным постоянством. Эмотивная коннотация как эмоциональная и оценочная характеристика объекта, транслируемая метафорическим образом, представляется одним из важнейших путей имплицитного или эксплицитного воздействия на интеллект, волю и эмоциональное состояние адресата. Основной задачей статьи является анализ второго фрейма метафорической модели «Оценка вкусовых ощущений», который состоит из двух основных слотов: «Позитивная / негативная оценка» и «Дополнительная оценка». Анализируемый материал медиадискурса демонстрирует моделируемую эмотивность современной вкусовой метафоры в ингерентной и адгерентной формах.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to establish the linguistic and cultural similarities and peculiarities of the Russian concept of pie and the Bulgarian concept of banica. The similarities and differences of the concepts are assessed by factual plan and by mapping the cultural component of spiritual value as the basis of formation and development of models of attitude and moral values encoded in the semantics of the concept.
RU
Целью статьи является установление лингвокультурного сходства и своеобразия русского концепта пирог и болгарского концепта баница. Сходство и различие концептов оценивается на уровне фактуального плана и путем сопоставления культурной составляющей как духовной ценностной основы формирования и развития моделей мировосприятия и нравственных ориентиров, кодируемых в семантике концепта.
Libri & Liberi
|
2014
|
vol. Volume 3
|
issue No.2
295-310
EN
This paper provides an overview of recent scholarship on the value of using literature and song lyrics to help students of English as a Foreign Language improve their pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and accuracy, linguistic competence and confidence, motivation, cultural knowledge, empathy and objectivity, and literary awareness. Literature and multimodal materials can help to promote better understanding of the cultural background of the target language, resulting in improved comprehension of context, dialect, and idioms through the use of language as it is spoken by native speakers. Students are more likely to learn if they are given materials that they enjoy, and if they can see immediate benefits from studying, so teachers are encouraged to promote cross-curricular applications of the skills taught in language classes. The paper then provides a case study to illustrate these principles with an analysis of the popular song “Let It Go” from the recent Disney film Frozen.
HR
U radu se donosi pregled novije znanstvene i stručne literature o uporabi književnosti u riječima pjesama kako bi se pomoglo učenicima engleskoga kao stranoga jezika da unaprijede svoj izgovor, rječnik, gramatičku točnost, jezičnu kompetenciju i samopouzdanje, motivaciju, poznavanje kulture, empatiju i objektivnost, kao i književnu svjesnost. Književni i višemodalni materijali mogu pomoći promicanju boljega razumijevanja kulturne podloge ciljnoga jezika, što također vodi boljemu razumijevanju konteksta, dijalekata i idioma u jezičnoj uporabi izvornih govornika. Uspješnost učenja jezika potencijalno je veća ako se učenicima ponude materijali u kojima nalaze zadovoljstvo i ako pritom iskuse neposrednu korist od učenja. Stoga se učiteljima preporuča poticanje primjene vještina usvojenih na nastavi jezika u drugim predmetima. Rad uključuje i analizu pojedinačnoga slučaja popularne pjesme „Let It Go“ iz nedavnoga Disneyeva filma Frozen, kojom se ilustriraju navedena načela.
DE
Der Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Forschung zur Verwendung von literarischen Texten bzw. Songs als Hilfe beim Erwerb der korrekten Aussprache, des Vokabulars, der Grammatik, der Sprachkompetenz und des Selbstvertrauens, der Motivation, der kulturellen Kompetenzen, der Empathie und der Objektivität sowie der Förderung von literarischen Kompetenzen im Rahmen des englischen FSU. Literarische und multimodale Unterrichtsmaterialien können zum besseren Verständnis des kulturellen Hintergrunds der Zielsprache beitragen, wodurch auch ein besseres Verständnis des Kontextes, der Mundart und der seitens der Muttersprachler verwendeten Idiome gefördert wird. Dabei ist der Erfolg beim Erlernen einer Fremdsprache potenziell größer, bietet man den Schülern Unterrichtsmaterialien an, an denen sie Gefallen finden und anhand deren der Lernnutzen unmittelbar erfahrbar ist. Deshalb wird den Lehrenden empfohlen, die in anderen Fremdsprachen erworbenen Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten der Lernenden aufzugreifen. Im Beitrag wird als Beispiel für die Anwendung der angeführten Grundsätze die Analyse der neuerdings durch den Disney-Film Frozen populär gewordene Song „Let It Go“ vorgelegt.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest relacji język – kultura. Język może być pojmowany jako składnik lub narzędzie kultury, ale również jako autonomiczny obiekt w stosunku do kultury jako całości i można rozpatrywać go oddzielnie od kultury, porównywać z nią. Porównanie kultury i języka w ogóle, a także konkretnej kultury narodowej i konkretnego języka, ujawnia izomorfizm obu tych struktur. Poprzez wymienienie warstw czy poziomów językowych i kulturowych, autor uzyskuje dwa paralelne układy: (1) język literacki – kultura elitarna; (2) mowa potoczna – kultura masowa, (3) dialekty, gwary – kultura ludowa, (4) żargony – kultura tradycyjno-profesjonalna. Do obu można zastosować jednakowy zespół cech dystynktywnych: normatywność/brak normatywności; ponaddialektowość/dialektowość; otwartość/zamkniętość (sfery, systemu); stabilność/niestabilność. Każdy poziom językowy lub kulturowy charakteryzuje określone połączenie tych cech. Autor wzbogaca przedstawioną wyżej „drabinę kulturologiczną”. Pod względem strukturalnym kultura i język wykazują podobieństwa także i w tym, że dają się opisywać za pomocą pojęć, stylu, gatunku, synonimii, homonimii i polisemii. Opierając się na materiałach zebranych w terenie, autor formułuje kilka uwag: (1) język ludowy, gwary, obrzędy ludowe, wierzenia i cała duchowa kultura ludowa, łącznie z elementami kultury materialnej, stanowią jedną całość zarówno z naukowego punktu widzenia, jak i w wyobrażeniach nosicieli tej kultury; (2) dialekt nie jest wyłącznie lingwistyczną jednostką terytorialną, lecz jednocześnie jednostką etnograficzną i kulturologiczną. Wyodrębnienie tak rozumianego dialektu następuje na podstawie izoglos, izogram i izodoks (tzn. linii wydzielających, obejmujących i rozgraniczających poszczególne zjawiska i elementy języka, kultury materialnej i duchowej). Zagadnienia języka, religii i kultury wiążą się ściśle z problemami etnicznej (narodowej) świadomości. Samoświadomość owa ma złożoną i podlegającą różnym zmianom historycznym strukturę, określoną „drabinę cech” podobną do tej, którą przedstawia autor w odniesieniu do języka i kultury.
EN
The article is concerned with the relation between language and culture. Language can be understood as an element or a tool of culture, but also as an autonomous object in relation to culture understood as a whole, and as such can be analysed separated of culture, compare it to culture. Comparing culture and language in general, and also a concrete national culture and a concrete language, shows an isomorphism of both of these structures. Through the enumeration of linguistic and cultural layers or levels, the author arrives at two parallel arrangements: (1) literary language – elitist culture; (2) colloquial language – mass culture, (3) dialects, local dialects – folk culture, (4) jargon – traditional-professional culture. One can apply a uniform set of distinctive characteristics to both of them: prescriptivism/ lack of prescriptivism; supradialectalness/dialectalness; openness/ closeness (of a sphere, or a system); stability/ instability. Each linguistic or cultural level is characterised by a certain combination of these characteristics. The author enriches the above-mentioned ‘culturological ladder’. In terms of structure, culture and language display similarities also in this respect that they can be described through the use of notions, style, genre, synonymy, harmony and polysemy. The author, on the basis of materials collected on location, formulates a few remarks: (1) folk language, local dialects, folk customs, beliefs, and the entire spiritual culture, including elements of material culture, constitute a uniform whole both from the academic perspective as well as in the projections of the carriers of that culture; (2) a dialect is not exclusively a linguistic territorial unit, but it is at the same time a ethnographic and culturological unit. Isolating a dialect understood this way is done on the basis of isoglosses, isograms [izogramy], and isodoxes [izodoksy], i.e. the lines separating, covering, and demarcating concrete phenomena and elements of language, material and spiritual culture. The issues of language, religion, and culture are strictly associated with problems of ethnic (national) awareness. This self-awareness has a complex structure subjected to various historical changes, a specified ‘ladder of characteristics’ similar to that which is suggested by the author in relation to language and culture.
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