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PL
The author of this article analyses the crisis of social ties as a huge challenge for the Christian vision of social life. Firstly, he refers to the moral and religious crisis of the post-modern era, and the depreciation of the social status of the human. Then, he presents the uniqueness of human being as well as potentiality. According to the Christian integral anthropology, presented by personalism, man remains a spiritual and material coexistence. In the last part, the author underlines the Christian idea that a society should acknowledge the dignity of each of its members, as well as guarantee the optimal functioning of human communities. Consequently, social procedures and institutions should be preceded by a consensus assuring the ethical minimum. If a society does not accept the fundamental values like: the dignity of every human being, the protection of their life, justice, equality, solidarity, it cannot function, at least not as a community of persons.
EN
Saint John Bosco (1815-1888) always paid attention to the social aspect of his mission. The reflection, initiated during the XXIII General chapter, has as its goal renewal of the social aspect of the Salesian Charism. Hence the members of the chapter came up with the proposal of Salesian way of educating in faith and original program of Christian life: “Salesian Youth Spirituality”. The objective of this spirituality is a full growth of a young person in such a way that he/she is able to connect faith and life, immanent evaluation of his/hers own existence, participation in the life of society and finally global responsibility. This publication/reflection presents social elements of Saint John Bosco’s educational system. Its objective is to obtain the answer to the question; Is it possible to find within the preventive system, elements that can be useful in a communal formation? In order to achieve this objective/target the following community forming elements were distinguished and characterized as proposed by the Educator from Turin: oratory - as the environment of education and the experience of community; assistance - as the most appropriate educational component that included place of meeting and dialogue, as well as, family spirit which animated educational structures. There was also demonstrated the element of the educational system with leads to global responsibility for the world.
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Personalizacja polityki

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EN
It has to be pointed out that in the second half of the 20th century the public discourse was dominated mainly by two phenomena. Namely, to put that notion in short, the change of our culture from a word-centric into image-centric one. As well as the decrease of the importance of the worldview-ideological disputes. The aim of this article is to indicate the effects of these phenomena on the social life. The authors point out to the consequences of the decrease in the role of the intellectual motifs in favour of the growing importance of the emotions when making a political-based decision. Thus, the concentration of the voters’ attention on the personality of the politician, not on his or hers views, achievements or political program. Hence, one may observe the decrease in the role of the political party in the political life at the national level and the diminishment of the inner-party democracy and its direct effect, namely, widely seen growth of demagogy and populism.
EN
The Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World “Gaudium et Spes” says, “for man is the source, the center, and the purpose of all economic and social life” (63). Therefore, the man’s dignity has to be considered integrally in both his spiritual and bodily constitution and emphasized alongside his value and supernatural vocation. This enables attributing a special role to his transcendence in economic life. In their own productive activity, the possession and exchange of goods, a man should adhere to proper moral norms. However, what is observed is the incessant deepening of social inequalities in different parts of the earthly globe. Luxury accompanied by the wasting of goods adjoins indigence of people suffering a shortage of necessities. Thus it seems vital that economic institutions be established whose goal will be promoting good living conditions and an individual’s engagement in dignified economic activity and which will not destroy their human, moral and social dimension.
XX
A small Austrian garrison in Przemyśl was formed in the early 1780s. It was only around 1802 that the number of soldiers grew to 700. A fundamental change in the nature of the garrison came when a fortress started to be built here in 1879 and the command of the X/10 Austro-Hungarian corps appeared in Przemyśl. In consequence, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries the Przemyśl garrison was among the largest ones in Austria-Hungary. The soldiers accounted for about 25% of the town population. The military factor contributed to the development and modernization of the town. The command tried to subdue the civil authorities in Przemyśl. The presence of the army made the town even more multinational and multiethnic than before. The Austrian garrison was often perceived to be an element of Germanization. The officers (mostly of German origin) distanced themselves from the civilians and socialized only within their own group. The town elites not attempt to get closer to them. The large garrison also brought about a lot of problems of political, ethnic and criminal nature. Military criminals went basically unpunished. In addition, thecommand provoked a fierce conflict with the local socialists, accusing them of anti-state activity. In he final stage of the Great War the garrison was used as the only guarantor of Austrian rule in the town. It disintegrated even before the fall of Austria-Hungary in the autumn of 1918.
EN
The Catholic religion has been inextricably connected with the Polish state through numerous historical experiences. Being an important aspect of connecting society, it can be used in an instrumental way on the political agenda. Moreover, religiousness is an important determinant of electoral decisions. The aim of the research (N=238) is to check whether religiosity affects the perception of the importance of religious principles in everyday life and religion in political life. In the presented approach, religiosity was a multidimensional variable and was conceptualized using a modified five-point Religiosity Centrality Scale (Huber 2003). It was confirmed that all dimensions of religiosity are significantly related to the assessment of the importance of religious principles. The dimension that showed the strongest correlation with the created variables was the dimension of religious cult, and the dimension that correlated the least was the dimension of reading the Catholic press.
EN
According to the Aristotelian definition, politics is a co-formation of social life within human capacity in the conditions of freedom and equality, while under specific authority. In a more narrow sense, it is understood as the art of administration. In a broader sense, it denotes any care for public life. Every citizen, as a member of a community, takes advantage of goods it has produced. Their participation cannot resemble the situation of a person subjected to a transfusion; instead, it must manifest itself in their contribution to the development of society. One of the aspects of the commitment to social life is political activity. It should not limit itself to the activity of politicians themselves, but, to a greater or lesser extent, it should engage all citizens. It is by their participation in political elections that citizens undertake an effort of shaping reality. The formation of the young generation’s attitudes is another manner in which parents and teachers manifest their care for social life.
EN
At the present stage of development of a society characterized by social instability, as an important factor in the effectiveness and harmony of the activity of the teacher, changes in thinking occur in correlation with changes in the motives of the teacher’s behavior and his value orientations. The predominance of positive motivation determines the style of the teacher’s behavior: he takes into account the objective conditions of activity to a greater extent, actively seeks a way out of difficult situations, adequately responds to failures, turns out to be more inventive in creating a program to achieve the goal.
EN
The message of God’s mercy has become the subject of a great extent of studies taken mostly up from the perspective of Dogmatic Theology or Spiritual Theology. It seems the matter of social interpretation of this message still remains wide open. Meanwhile, The Diary and John Paul II’s Encyclical Letter Dives in misericordia as well, which the writings of St. Faustina constitute an unquestionable inspiration, are far from interpreting mercy merely in an ascetic and individual dimension. Both of the texts distinctly encourage broadening the social aspect of the interpretation of mercy as the element of the renovation of the social life, which is the subject of this study.
EN
Bature Tanimu Gagare became famous as an ardent critic of Nigerian social and political life. Due to his public engagement and unusual activities he was given various nicknames and epithets. Some people saw in him an able writer, others considered him as an adventurer. In this article an attempt has been made to present the profile of the author and to discuss his only novel "Ƙarshen alewa ƙasa"; its genesis, content and the message.
Studia Ełckie
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2021
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vol. 23
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issue 1
41-58
EN
Social issues have played an important role in the overall teaching of Pope Benedict XVI. Being aware of the existence of many disturbing threats to social life in all its dimensions, the Pope tried to indicate the direction of the solutions to some growing dilemmas. Trying to remedy evil, he pointed to Christ, who strengthens human hearts to overcome threats, inspired by the action of an evil spirit. In his teachings, the Pope raised awareness that a man following Christ is a hope for solving urgent social problems. His goal was not to consider the problems theoretically, but to shape the moral consciousness of a man and constantly appeal to his conscience. In this way, the teaching of Benedict XVI is an expression of the prophetic mission of the Church; is a call to repair the social life.
EN
The traditional family model is becoming blurred and for this reason it is no longer valid. Thus, in this changing reality it is worth making an attempt to understand those changes in order to be able to promote appropriately the values which are still most important for the proper functioning of family. The family has always been and will be the central category of social life, around which processes, social phenomena or religious norms are cumulated, but the changing conditions of life of families are generating a necessity to monitor the quality of life of families and look at them as a whole and individually.
EN
Strict adherence to any elimination diet changes past styles of life of people. It refers especially to the ones who are obliged to introduce a diet because of a diagnosis of food-related illnesses, such as coeliac disease (CD). The constraints perceived by the individuals on a dietary regimen may have a negative infl uence on their psychosocial functioning. The diffi culties are usually experienced in the situations connected with public consumption like social events and family gatherings. The article is an attempt to analyze how the implementation of a restrictive diet affects the past lifestyle of people diagnosed with CD. The only way of treatment of CD is a strict and lifelong elimination of gluten. The results presented are based on literature and a survey carried out on a group of forty people diagnosed with CD, recruited among the members of The Polish Association of People with Coeliac Disease and on a Gluten Free Diet (GFD). The research tool was a socio-demographic and medical questionnaire of own authorship. The character of the survey was just preliminary as it is going to be followed by a further in-depth qualitative research in the future. The results of the analysis suggest that introducing a GFD may result in a worsening of psychosocial functioning of the suff erers, nevertheless some noticeable improvements in their somatic health. This explains why expanding the social awareness of the diffi culties experienced by people forced to undertake a GFD as a treatment is an important issue. It may contribute to the implementation of some good practices aimed at better quality of life of coeliac suff erers and elimination of barriers to regimen adherence they meet. It is of crucial importance as untreated CD may result in a gradual deterioration of their health status and occurrence of other serious diseases. Thus, supporting the suff erers of CD in adherence to dietary restrictions enhances their chances of maintaining an active style of life and more equal participation in social life.
EN
The social life is dependant on the procreative role of the family. The size and the characteristics of a population have got a vital impact on how a society functions. In that sense the family is the basis of social life. The papal social teaching draws attention to this fact. A more complex understanding of the procreative role is possible in the context of theology. In this particular perspective one can see the fundamental perils for the process of passing on life. They are manifested in acts of breaking the communion with God. The negative tendencies in the area of procreation, in both anthropological and social aspect, can be overcome when the parents gain the awareness of how much they have been given by God. They have received life and they participate in the process of continuous creation of the world. God’s gifts carry certain obligations – some tasks to be fulfilled. In the case of the procreative role these obligations are: respecting the God’s commandments and taking up the mission of educators. The latter one follows the call to making a new human person come into being
EN
Dance parties constitute a field that concisely reflected the processes of modernization and urbanization of the Czech countryside in the 1970s and 1980s. Dance parties can also be perceived as places that have maintained their stable position in the hierarchy of values and ideas accepted by local inhabitants, which are, among other things, associated with the viability of their own community. This was possible due to the symbolic function of dance parties – phenomena with symbolic significance are endowed with high adaptability to changes. The stable significance of dance parties for a community can be exemplified by discussions conducted in the fields of space, generations, and power. These discussions understand dance parties as a subject based on which ideas about the ability of a community to function are communicated. The symbolic function of dance parties is the reason their existence is not called into question. This paper is based on doctoral field research, which was carried out in two different locations – in a small rural town facing more intensive processes of modernization and in two rural municipalities (everything though is set in a wider regional context).
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Attitudes to work

75%
PL
Artykuł prezentuje chrześcijańską koncepcję pracy. Autor postuluje, iż chrześcijanie powinni pomóc tworzyć wspólnotę życia społecznego oraz przeciwstawiać się dehumanizacji efektów życia instytucjonalnego. Artykuł zawiera również rozważania na temat zakazu dyskryminacji.
EN
This article presents the Christian conception of work. The author claims that Christians should help create genuine community life and protest against the dehumanizing effects of institutional life. The article also includes reflection on theabolishment of discrimination.
PL
Social Forms of Influence of Nazi Mysticism According to Polish Scholarly Literature The article presents the social forms of influence of Nazi mysticism through the lens of Polish literature on the subject. It analyses how the broadly understood propaganda of the Third Reich has influenced and shaped social attitudes.
PL
Rozwój intelektualny współczesnego człowieka nie idzie w parze z jego rozwojem moralnym. Postęp techniczny zmieniający środowisko naturalne, ludzką osobowość i życie społeczne oprócz wielu korzyści wywołuje liczne zagrożenia – dla zdrowia, życia, praworządności, porządku publicznego, wartości etycznych. Wychowanie człowieka odpowiedzialnego za los własny i innych ludzi, świadomego swoich korzeni, godności, roli i miejsca w strukturze rzeczywistości wymaga pilnie reform oświatowych – zmiany organizacji, metod i treści kształcenia, a także kompetencji nauczycieli
EN
The intellectual growth of modern man does not proceed in parallel of the moral. Technological advances changing environment, the human personality and social life, in addition to the many benefits, produce numerous threats for health, life, rule of law, public policy, ethical values. Raising the man responsible for the fate of their own and other people, conscious of their roots, dignity, role and place in the structure of reality requires urgent educational reforms – changes in organization, methods and content of education, as well as the competence of teachers
EN
The present article, describing the concept of virtue and its place in the formation of a person’s maturity, points to the social dimension of moral competences that have their repercussions in interpersonal relations. Virtue is a social capital thanks to the fact that it triggers definite mechanisms in a man, enabling him to get involved in the realization of the common good. It becomes a special cement of human relations when it ensures proper conditions for forming existential bonds with others and it shapes a personal way of experiencing the challenges that one encounters and of responding to them. The four cardinal virtues: prudence, justice, courage and temperance make up a cohesive quartet of attitudes that determine one’s ability to control himself and the possibility to help others in a responsible way. The supreme manifestation of the social capital is love, owing to which a man is prepared to give his life in the service of his neighbor.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł, opisując pojęcie cnoty i jej miejsce w formowaniu dojrzałości osoby, wskazuje na społeczny wymiar sprawności moralnych, które znajdują swe reperkusje w relacjach międzyludzkich. Cnota stanowi kapitał społeczny przez to, że wyzwala w człowieku określone mechanizmy uzdalniające go do zaangażowania się w realizację dobra wspólnego. Staje się ona szczególnym spoiwem ludzkich relacji, gdy zapewnia człowiekowi warunki do nawiązywania egzystencjalnych więzi z innymi oraz kształtuje osobowy sposób przeżywania i reagowania na pojawiające się wyzwania. Cztery cnoty kardynalne: roztropność, sprawiedliwość, męstwo i umiarkowanie tworzą spójną kwadrygę postaw, które warunkują zdolność panowania nad sobą i możność odpowiedzialnego udzielania się na rzecz innych. Najwyższym przejawem kapitału społecznego jest miłość, dzięki której człowiek jest gotowy oddać życie w służbie bliźniego.
20
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Attitudes to work

75%
EN
This article presents the Christian conception of work. The author claims that Christians should help create genuine community life and protest against the dehumanizing effects of institutional life. The article also includes reflection on theabolishment of discrimination.
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