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EN
The paper deals with prosodic patterns of the Hausa poetry and investigates its stanzaic, metre, and rhyme structure with reference to the patterns developed in the Arabic poetry. Using the corpus of poems written in ajami by four contemporary poets the use of Arabic-based patterns as well as their “deviated” or “defected” forms have been investigated. The analysis confirms the crossfertilization between the oral and written poems tradition in Hausa.
EN
The author considers the translatability of poetry, defines the responsibility of a translator and analyzes it in the context of particular translation strategies. The material to be analyzed consists of a series of Polish translations of Pushkin’s poem masterpiece Eugene Onegin. The quality of translation largely depends on the choice of metre, or Onegin stanza, a 14 verse stanza, of which there are approximately 400, and of which the novel in verse is made, or , to be more precise, it depends on the quantity and quality of the rhymes. In the original version they are 4 pairs of oxytonic, or ‘masculine’ rhymes and 3 pairs of paraxytonic, or ‘feminine’ rhymes. The author analyzes the versions by well-known translators such as Tadeusz Bobiński, Feliks Netz, Andrzej Sycz, Andrzej Lewandowski. What is being considered is the effect achieved by the choice of a particular rhythm pattern of Onegin stanza in the translation as such. In addition, the work contains quotations and classification of typical translation errors. At the end of his discourse the author proposes a compromise: his own pattern of Onegin stanza applied in his translation of the novel in verse. It is based on applying two pairs of oxytonic, or ‘masculine’ rhymes in verses 7 and 8 as well as 13 and 14, which gives the stanza a touch of artistry both in the middle and at the end. The suggested pattern of Onegin stanza, created for the purpose of translation, is parallel to the rhythm network present in the translation of Onegin by Wiktor Gomulicki, who translated the scene of Onegin and Lensky’s duel. It also meets the criteria of the “golden ratio” as a measure of beauty and harmony, expressed by Fibonacci’s numerical sequence (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89...).
EN
The article deals with the history of the creation and publication of poems included in Iosif Brodsky’s cycle From ‘Old English Songs’. The stanzaic features of all four poems suggest that the songs by Robert Burns translated by Samuil Marshak, as well as Robert Frost’s poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” were the most likely sources of the cycle. The second and third poems of Brodsky’s cycle can be considered as a paraphrase of the above-mentioned Frost’s poem. The poem “On the Death of Robert Frost”, which was written at the end of January 1963, elaborates the Frostian context and provides a means of considering the episode as an attempt to master Frost’s poetics. However, neither the paraphrase “Stopping by Woods…” nor the poem in memory of the American poet were ever included in the author’s collections, and the cycle was not fully represented in them. The exclusion of Frost’s episode from the “poetic autobiography” can be explained by the fact that by the time the author’s first collection of poems (1970) was being prepared, the romantic heroism of existential loneliness, which attracted Brodsky to Frost in the early 1960s, had no longer been perceived by him as an invariant of his own fate.
RU
В статье рассматривается история создания и публикации стихотворений, входящих в цикл Иосифа Бродского Из «Старых английских песен». Формальные особенности строфики всех четырех стихотворений позволяют предположить, что источниками цикла были песни Роберта Бернса в переводах Самуила Маршака и стихотворение Роберта Фроста Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. Второе и третье стихотворения цикла Бродского могут рассматриваться как парафраз стихотворения Фроста. Появление в конце января 1963 г. стихотворения На смерть Роберта Фроста создает ситуацию, которую можно описать как попытку освоения фростовской поэтики, однако ни парафразы Stopping by Woods…, ни стихотворение памяти американского поэта никогда не включались в авторские сборники, а цикл не был в них представлен полностью. Исключение фростовского эпизода из «поэтической автобиографии» можно объяснить тем, что к моменту подготовки первого авторского сборника стихов (1970) романтический героизм экзистенциального одиночества, который в начале 60-х привлекает Бродского у Фроста, перестает восприниматься им как инвариант собственной судьбы.
Facta Simonidis
|
2010
|
vol. 3
|
issue 1
223-241
EN
The aim of this article is a presentation an important versological topic which is an using various stanzaic forms in XVIIth christmas carols by Jan Żabczyc. The cycle Symfonije anielskie is one of the most popular texts since early baroque up today. Some of these carols are still sung in christmas time. This work describes a part of the history and development of polish versification. Baroque versological patterns reveal a great influence of latin and – on the other hand – folk poetry on polish versification. The basic versological achievements in polish literature reached Jan Kochanowski. Żabczyc is one of many poets who imitated the model of versification introduced by Kochanowski. Type of stanzaic structure is mostly depended on syntactic organization of the text, rhyme scheme, type of metre. In the field of versification Żabczyc’s songs represent partly a renaissance style and partly a baroque one. They were from the beginning designed to be sung. Only harmonious relations between all versological components could guarantee them a positive perception. The next centuries showed Żabczyc’s carols succeed.
PL
Jan Żabczyc, wczesnobarokowy poeta nadworny, jest autorem jednego z najpopularniejszych w historii literatury polskiej zbioru kolęd pt. Symfonije anielskie, który na stałe wpisał się w tradycję polskiej pieśni religijnej, a także szerzej – dzieje kultury narodowej. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi przegląd form stroficznych tytułowego cyklu, przedstawiający pewien wycinek stanu polskiej wersyfikacji uchwycony w ciekawym momencie rozwoju – w 1 połowie XVII wieku, gdy w poezji funkcjonuje jeszcze tradycyjna forma wiersza (znana z epoki staropolskiej, której szczytem rozwoju była twórczość Jana Kochanowskiego), z drugiej zaś strony zauważalny jest już pewien kierunek zmian oraz nowe możliwości (znaczne poszerzenie zasobu form stroficznych, zwrócenie większej uwagi na rolę słowa w pieśni, zwykle przesłanianego melodią, częste stosowanie w tekstach rytmu drobionego odzwierciedlającego skłonność barokowej muzyki do krótkich fraz). Dopracowana, jak pokazują badania, struktura stroficzna ma duży udział w sukcesie, jaki odniósł omawiany zbiór zarówno u współczesnych Żabczycowi, jak i u potomnych.
PL
Jan Żabczyc, wczesnobarokowy poeta nadworny, jest autorem jednego z najpopularniejszych w historii literatury polskiej zbioru kolęd pt. Symfonije anielskie, który na stałe wpisał się w tradycję polskiej pieśni religijnej, a także szerzej – dzieje kultury narodowej. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi przegląd form stroficznych tytułowego cyklu, przedstawiający pewien wycinek stanu polskiej wersyfikacji uchwycony w ciekawym momencie rozwoju – w I poł. XVII w., gdy w poezji funkcjonuje jeszcze tradycyjna forma wiersza (znana z epoki staropolskiej, której szczytem rozwoju była twórczość Jana Kochanowskiego), z drugiej zaś strony zauważalny jest już pewien kierunek zmian oraz nowe możliwości (znaczne poszerzenie zasobu form stroficznych, zwrócenie większej uwagi na rolę słowa w pieśni, zwykle przesłanianego melodią, częste stosowanie w tekstach rytmu drobionego odzwierciedlającego skłonność barokowej muzyki do krótkich fraz). Dopracowana, jak pokazują badania, struktura stroficzna ma duży udział w sukcesie, jaki odniósł omawiany zbiór zarówno u współczesnych Żabczycowi, jak i u potomnych
EN
The aim of this article is a presentation an important versological topic which is an using various stanzaic forms in XVIIth christmas carols by Jan Żabczyc. The cycle Symfonije anielskie is one of the most popular texts since early baroque up today. Some of these carols are still sung in christmas time. This work describes a part of the history and development of polish versification. Baroque versological patterns reveal a great influence of latin and – on the other hand – folk poetry on polish versification. The basic versological achievements in polish literature reached Jan Kochanowski. Żabczyc is one of many poets who imitated the model of versification introduced by Kochanowski. Type of stanzaic structure is mostly depended on syntactic organization of the text, rhyme scheme, type of metre. In the field of versification Żabczyc’s songs represent partly a renaissance style and partly a baroque one. They were from the beginning designed to be sung. Only harmonious relations between all versological components could guarantee them a positive perception. The next centuries showed Żabczyc’s carols succeed.
6
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Verš raného Karla Tomana

44%
EN
Following on from work by Miloš Sedmidubský, this study deals with syllabic irregularity (heterogeneity) in Toman’s (and Vrchlický’s) verse. It focuses on Toman’s early work, analysing individual poems and collections (particularly Pohádky krve, Tales of Blood, 1898 and Torzo života, Torso of Life, 1902). The material base is made up of 350 poems, and the differences between individual sets are checked by means of statistical tests. Syllabic irregularity is expressed in terms of entropy.
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