Search results

1

Pozaedukacyjny zwierzyniec? Przekształcenia motywu raju zwierząt w polskiej literaturze fantastycznej dla dzieci i młodzieży

100%

Rąbkowska E.

Creatio Fantastica

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2017

|

issue 1(56)

83-95

EN

The article Extra-educational Bestiary? Transformation of Animal Paradise Motif in Polish Young Adult Fantastic Literature is an attempt to define a new argument for a possibility of animal immortality on the basis of fantasy literature for children and young adults. For this purpose, Ewelina Rąbkowska analyzes three examples of the theme of animal paradise in Polish animal fantasy novels for children and young adults. The main hypothesis of the article is that intuition of fantasy literature tells—in the same way as (defined in some previous papers) “poetical intuition”—stories about significant relationships between humans and non-humans, which last longer than single life. The author argues that contemporary fantasies for young adults are examples of crossing the borders of a traditional anthropocentric point of view. They show a new, post-humanist discourse about animals, change the language, narrative strategies and—what is most important—traditional didactic purposes of the text.

2

Współczesna edukacja seksualna dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce – rekonesans, diagnoza, perspektywy

100%

Jewtuch K.

Filoteknos

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2020

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issue 10

470-480

EN

The issue of universal sexual education of children and young people is conditioned by many socio-cultural factors, and even political, ethical or religious. The manner in which knowledge should be conveyed on this subject is constantly on the verge of accusations of “sexualization” of young people and the neglect of such an important element of education. The aim of the article is to present the model of sexual education (and preparation for life in the family) currently in force in Polish education – the methods of its implementation and effectiveness. This article is also based on the search for an answer to the question whether and how to present children’s issues related to human sexuality, not only to interest them, but also to contribute to the positive values of social determinants associated with physical and mental health.

3

Tomorrow’s Kin: Intergenerational Solidarity after The Genome

89%

Bugajska A.

Literatura Ludowa

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2018

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vol. 62

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issue 3

PL

One of the issues that emerges with regard to radical human enhancement is the destruction of the intergenerational connections. It is variously envisioned in science fiction, and we can speak of many possible plateaus on which the human continuity, which entails solidarity, can be contested. Contemporary young adult dystopias, such as Shusterman’s Unwind Dystology (2007-15) and The Arc of a Scythe (2016-) cycles, Beckett’s Genesis (2010), Patterson’s Maximum Ride (2005-15) or Wells’s Partials (2009-14), very often conjoin the intergenerational issues typical of juvenile fiction with bioethical concerns in the posthuman and transhuman world. I look at the speculative futures of intergenerational solidarity from the point of view of the biological continuity, the subjective continuity and postgenerationality in an immortal society. In the majority of cases it may be observed how the child-adultdichotomy, with the superimposed adult normativity prejudice, threatens the coexistence of trans- and posthumans with their “parents,” leading to the redefinition of altruism in the wake of the homicidal ALife apocalypse. The relatively broad spectrum of the cases and perspectives I have selected yields a fairly comprehensive picture of contemporary projections of intergenerational solidarity “after the genome” (Herrick 2013).

4

“I am thou… Thou art I…” How Persona 4’s Young Adult Fiction Communicates Japanese Values

88%

Dwulecki S.

Creatio Fantastica

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2017

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issue 1(56)

97-113

EN

Life is Strange, INSIDE, Oxenfree—all these video games represent a seemingly entirely new genre. Young Adult videogames diverge from the male, gloomy grown-up stereotypes and replace them with adolescent protagonists in their coming of age stories. Their commercial success seem to validate their endeavors. However, YA narratives are hidden in plain sights for many years within JRPGs. Shin Megami Tensei – Persona 4 (short Persona 4 or P4) is a cultural ambassador. This paper examines how the game’s procedural rhetoric in combination with its Young Adult story advocate in favor of specific Japanese values. The time structure of P4 reinforces a longterm orientation and requires strategic planning as well as tactical flexibility. So-called “Social Links” represents Japan unique take on collectivism. Each link encapsulates a small YA narrative and offers different benefits to social-active protagonist. Finally, grinding mechanics reflect the notion of repetition-based learning. Japanese schools teach through engaging with developing several solutions to a singular problem. The same holds true for the grinding process. All these elements combined create a game rhetoric promoting these aspects of Japanese culture

5

The Identity of Young Adults and their E-learning Performance

88%

Kwiatkowska W.

e-mentor

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2019

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issue 3 (80)

18-23

EN

Utilizing Marcia’s theory, a pilot study was conducted to determine the relation between the identity status of students and their performance using differing teaching methods (in-class and e-learning). The sample consisted of teaching students, and the main criterion was the use of e-learning. The Identity Status Test and standardized knowledge tests were used to collect data. No relation was identified between the identity status of students and their in-class and e-learning performance. However, the group utilizing e-learning achieved better results compared to the in-class group. Determining the importance of an e-learner’s identity is also necessitated by the need to develop appropriate counselling strategies. The analyses rendered possible a preliminary verification of the utility of the concept for the purpose of explicating the issue of the e-learning performance of contemporary students. The conclusions drawn from the study may also offer utility for adapting mentoring processes to the needs of learners. The author identifies and underlines the need for further, more comprehensive empirical research on the identity of e-learners within the context of their study program, age and gender.

6

Young Disabled Adults Facing Developmental Tasks and Life Choices – In Search of Daily Life Quality

87%

Suchodolska J.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2019

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vol. 15

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issue 1

49-68

PL

Emerging adulthood, in numerous individual biographies, also in the case of disabled people, is the time of permanent need for self-actualisation and time of verifying one’s subjective vision of “being an adult,” i.e. being responsible for one’s own decisions, pursuing professional and economic independence. Due to developmental acceleration, sociological shift in terms of undertaken roles and realized developmental tasks as well as their moratoriumlinked delays, it is also the time conducive to educational activity. This psychological time of a young person, its course and specificity depend, to a large extent, on numerous (micro-, mezo- and macro-) conditions of family life and social life in today’s world which is more competitive and less predictable than it used to be for generation of the late 1990s. All of these factors contribute to the fact that maturing to adulthood seems to be a state which is harder to achieve nowadays. It is displayed in the form of delaying the moment of taking up a job or other important decisions in family and relationship contexts.The study aims to present the selected aspects of daily life of disabled young adults, described in the context of developmental tasks of this period and considering the perspective of investment in relationships, development of one’s own resources, pursuing education and entering the job market which are all, from a temporal perspective, a chance of complementing one’s own identity.

7

Młodzież i młodzi dorośli wobec kryzysu indywidualnego – potrzeba wsparcia społecznego w rozwoju psychicznej niezależności (i dojrzałej tożsamości)

76%

Suchodolska J.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2016

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vol. 10

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issue 2

231-248

EN

The study refers to the problem of the presence of the crisis in psychosocial development of young people – adolescents and young adults. Both the youth and young adults go through numerous, naturally present in human development, moments of increased tension resulting from the appetite for independence and self-sufficiency. This seems to be a common feature for both groups; both adolescents and young adults experience the burden due to overlapping obligations and commitments made to oneself and to the world and which comes from the specific social roles they assume as well as the development – related tasks they perform. The challenges are taken up to find self-fulfillment in numerous new roles, to achieve ambitions of everyday life as well as the future ones. Not surprisingly, in this period a man is believed to be, on the one hand, exposed to the experience of crisis (relating to the search for oneself and one’s own place in life, in social relationships and professional life) and, on the other hand, a young adult most intensely makes its network of social support for further years. In the study, the author refers to the research in which young adults confirm the presence of the crises in their lives. They identify and name these crisis situations and formulate their expectations of the sources and forms of support in the crisis.

8

Dorosłe dzieci rozwiedzionych rodziców – przegląd teorii i badań

63%

Sokołowska E.

Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

|

2013

|

issue 3

PL

Współcześnie w środowisku naukowym trwa dyskusja dotycząca przeobrażeń instytucji rodziny. Statystyki pokazują od lat wzrastającą liczbę rozwodów w państwach rozwĳających się i rozwiniętych, co potwierdza zasadność zajmowania się problematyką rozwodu i konsekwencjami jakie za sobą niesie dla członków rodziny. Rozwód jest tematem licznych publikacji, lecz skupiają się one głównie na radzeniu sobie z tą sytuacją osób rozwodzących się i ich dzieci. Coraz częściej dostrzega się jednak konieczność poznania długoterminowych konsekwencji rozwodu dla dzieci rozwodników. Artykuł zawiera przegląd wybranych podejść i badań na temat rozwodu, dzieci osób rozwiedzionych, ale przede wszystkim tych dotyczących dorosłych dzieci rozwiedzionych rodziców.

EN

The scientifi c world is currently engaged in a discussion regarding the transformation of the institution of family. For many years now statistics have shown an increasing occurrence of divorce in both well-developed and developing countries, which underlines the legitimacy of concentrating on the fi eld of divorce and the consequences of it for the family. Divorce is the main topic of many publications, but these focus mainly on situation-coping of the divorcees and their children. The need for recognising the long-term consequences of divorce for the children of the divorced people is more oft en perceived these days. The article includes a review of chosen approaches and researches in the area of divorce, children of divorced parents and, above all, the adult children of divorced parents.

9

Polityka przebiegu życia – teoretyczne i metodologiczne ramy badań nad procesem osiągania dorosłości

63%

Grotowska-Leder J., Rek-Woźniak M., Kudlińska I.

Przegląd Socjologiczny

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2016

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vol. LXV (65)

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issue 2

83-104

PL

Tekst podejmuje zagadnienia teoretyczne stanowiące podstawę programu badań nad procesem osiągania dorosłości we współczesnej Polsce. W ostatnich dekadach zagadnienie to stosunkowo rzadko stawało się tematem w badaniach socjologicznych. Tymczasem istnieją istotne przesłanki – tak poznawcze, jak i aplikacyjne, by zająć się nim bardziej systematycznie niż dotychczas. Autorki, zmierzając do sformułowania założeń projektu badawczego, przywołują cztery perspektywy teoretyczno- badawcze. Pierwsza związana jest z koncepcją zinstytucjonalizowanego przebiegu życia, druga – z ujęciami wczesnej dorosłości i młodych dorosłych jako kategorii społecznej. Wykorzystanie ramy pojęciowej polityki przebiegu życia i „reżimów przejścia”, a także konstrukcjonistycznej perspektywy w badaniach polityk publicznych pozwala z kolei uchwycić polityczno-instytucjonalne konteksty biografii osób rozpoczynających dorosłe życie.

EN

The article examines theoretical issues underlying research programmes aimed at characterizing transitions into adulthood in contemporary Poland. This phenomenon seems to have been understudied in recent decades, and there are several arguments for undertaking it more systematically. While aiming at the formulation of research project objectives, the authoresses examine four theoretical and research perspectives. The first is the concept of an institutionalized life course. Secondly, the approaches and theoretical categories applied in youth studies are considered. The conceptual framework of a “life course policy” and “transition regimes” within social policy studies, as well as the constructionist paradigm in public policy research, makes it possible to gain deeper insight into the political and institutional frames of biographies of individuals entering adult life.

10

W poszukiwaniu uwarunkowań transmisji międzypokoleniowej – znaczenie pełnionej roli rodzinnej w kontynuowaniu wzorców rodzicielstwa

63%

Farnicka M.

Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe

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2016

|

issue 1

11-35

PL

Celem prezentowanych badań było poszukiwanie przejawów transmisji międzypokoleniowej w zakresie wzorców realizowania zadań rozwojowych wczesnej dorosłości ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rodzicielstwa. W ramach zbudowanego modelu badawczego, starano się wyjaśnić wpływ transmisji międzypokoleniowej na podejmowanie i realizowanie rodzicielstwa przez młodych dorosłych w obszarze wiedzy społecznej oraz oczekiwanego doświadczenia. W trakcie postępowania badawczego przebadano 109 trójpokoleniowych rodzin (N = 407 osób). Rezultaty badań zobrazowały różnorodność procesu transmisji międzypokoleniowej głównie w zależności od płci i przynależności do danej kohorty. Wykazano także częstszą podatność na transmisję rodzinnych modeli zachowań wśród kobiet oraz silniejsze procesy transmisji między sąsiednimi pokoleniami.

EN

The goal of the study was the search for similarity between generations in respect of social knowledge and expected experience connected with parenthood. In the research model, the following variables were distinguished: he concept of normative development in three generations, the sense of influence on one’s own life and expectations towards future related to the time of realization of parenthood. In the explored area research group was consist from N = 407 individuals from 109 families. It turned out that: structures of social knowledge on normativeness do not have a relevant influence on the structures of expected experience – women are more prone to transmission of family models of behaviors.

11

Stan przejściowy: o konstrukcie dzieciństwa w powieściach Anny Cieplak na tle polskiej i anglojęzycznej literatury dla nastolatków

62%

Kocznur A.

Porównania

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2023

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vol. 33

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issue 1

277-289

EN

Anna Cieplak’s novels, from Ma być czysto (2016) to the most recent Rozpływam się (2021), explore the transition from childhood to adolescence, as well as the liminality of these two states. In her novels, Cieplak raises the question of at what point childhood ends. Is there a single, definite moment, an event in the life of a young person that terminates childhood? Or should we perhaps refer to a harmonious, blurred transition between states? The portrait of childhood that emerges from Cieplak’s fiction is confronted with the imagery of childhood contained in other contemporary YA books, either Polish-Agnieszka Wolny-Hamkało and Natalia Osinska-and foreign ones-Petra Dvorakova and Fiona Scarlett.

PL

Książki Anny Cieplak, począwszy od Ma być czysto (2016), aż do najnowszej Rozpływam się (2021), poświęcone są przechodzeniu z dzieciństwa do adolescencji, jak i liminalności tych dwóch stanów. W swoich powieściach Cieplak stawia pytania: w którym momencie kończy się dzieciństwo? Czy istnieje jeden wyraźny moment, wydarzenie w życiu młodego człowieka, które dzieciństwo przerywa? Czym może powinniśmy mówić o harmonijnym, rozmytym przechodzeniu między stanami? Portret dzieciństwa, który wydobywa się z powieści Cieplak zostaje skonfrontowany z fantazmatami dzieciństwa zawartymi w innych współczesnych książkach YA – polskich: Agnieszki Wolny-Hamkało i Natalii Osińskiej i zagranicznych: Petry Dvorakowej i Fiony Scarlett

12

Młodociani recydywiści

55%

Szelhaus S., Baucz-Straszewicz Z.

Archiwum Kryminologii

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1960

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issue I

165-214

EN

Investigation has covered 100 recidivists between the ages of 18 and 21, serving their term in jail; its purpose was to bring to light the scope of social misfitting and delinquency of the individuals with whom delinquency and recidivism seem to be of recent origin. Investigation has covered the individuals domiciled in Warsaw, who have been punished for at least the second time after having reached the age when penal responsibility begins (i.e. their seventeenth year of age) and have gone to jail for at least the second time. The investigation, started at the end of 1956 and finished in the middle of 1958, was conducted in two Warsaw jails and three provincial ones. All young adult recidivists with a condemning sentence who were at that time in jail were investigated, without making any selection of the cases, apart from the criteria enumerated above. The investigation, however, has taken into consideration data from judicial records and prison records, as well as from the Convicts, Register. Talks with the mothers of the convicts have provided material concerning the family home, the diseases which the convicted person had gone through, his pre-school and school days, way of life, etc. Psychological and medical examination has also been carried out. Young adult recidivists have been examined on an average, from four to five times within a few hours. In the case of those of the investigated who have been released from prison before December 1st , 1958, follow-up studies were carried out, to comprise a period of from six months to one year. 1. In investigating 100 young adult recidivists past record it was established that as many as 79 of them had been previously tried by a juvenile court (even though the law-court which tried them after they had completed the seventeenth year of age knew about that in a mere 23 cases). Apart from that, another 12 had committed thefts during their minority without being prosecuted before the law-courts. Consequently a mere 9 of all the investigated began to commit criminal offences after they were 16. The beginnings of delinquency took place in 19 per cent of the cases before the tenth year of their rives, and in 68 per cent before the thirteenth; it is highly probable however, that in reality the beginnings of their delinquency were earlier than that. Investigation into the further destinies of 79 investigated persons who had been tried while still minors has established the fact that 85 per cent of their number found themselves in jail before the lapse of two years from the moment of being released from a house of correction, or from their last trial before a juvenile court. As far as the 43 investigated. persons are concerned who had previously been in institutions for delinquent boys (training schools), as many as 27 were arrested before the lapse of six months from their release from such an institution, 12 remained at large for periods ranging from six months to one year and only 4 from one year to two years. The total of the data concerning the number of trials before both juvenile and ordinary courts looked as follows: out of 100 recidivists 13 had been tried twice, 20 - 3 times, 29 – 4 times, 17 - 5 times, 11 - 6 times, 10 - 7 or more times. Consequently 67 per cent of the investigated had already been tried 4 or more times, and every fifth one of them - 6 or more times. As far as their first term in jail is concerned, 16 of the investigated found themselves in jail before having attained the age of criminal responsibility, as a rule owing to their having given false birthdata at the time of their arrest, 55 at the age of 17, 26 at the age of 18 and a mere 3 at 19 years of age. Nearly one half of the recidivists had spent more time in jail than at large (from the moment of having reached the age of criminal responsibility), while the longest spell at large between one arrest and the next amounted to: below six months with 49 per cent of the investigated, from six months to one year with 33 per cent, while it was more than one year with a mere 18 per cent. Taking into consideration the kind of offences committed, we may divide the material under investigation into the following groups: A. Young adult recidivists punished exclusively for offences against property (as a rule, thefts) - 39 cases. B. Young adult recidivists punished exclusively for offences against life and health (grievous injury to the body, and slight bodily harm, brawls, infringement of bodily inviolability as well as for insulting a functionary of the police). There were only 10 offenders who committed such offences out of ,,hooligan" motives only, among all those investigated. C. Young adult recidivists punished for offences against property as well as for grievous injury to the body and slight bodily harm, brawls, infringement of bodily inviolability and insult to police functionaries - 51 cases. A. As for the persons investigated who had been punished only for offences against property (nearly exclusively for theft), they began to commit offences at the age of from 9 to 12 years, i.e. earlier than the rest. The first thefts, as a rule, took place in the family home. The majority of the perpetrators had been punished several times for theft by a juvenile court; one half of these, recidivists are criminals whose principal source of income are thefts, and, all of them had spent more time in jail than at large. It should be emphasized that both recidivists belonging to this group and the remaining ones had, in an overwhelming majority of cases (91 per cent), lived in their parents', or else their mothers’, homes, and were able to have their meals at home (70 per cent). B. The beginnings of delinquency with the persons investigated who have been punished only for infringement of bodily inviolability, damage to the body, brawls and insults to police functionaries are considerably later and take place about the thirteenth to the sixteenth year of age. Similarly, the rate of penalties inflicted is smaller, and the spells of liberty much longer than with the thief group. Nearly all such acts (accosting and beating up a passer-by in the street, insult by word of mouth or beating up a policeman, etc.) were committed while under the influence of drink. Nearly All of the investigated who belong to this group systematically abuse alcohol, and their delinquency is closely connected with their drunkenness. C. The most numerous group of persons convicted, those punished both for theft and for damage to the body, brawls, infringement of bodily inviolability and insult to a policemen, may be divided into two sub-groups: Sub-Group One, 30 strong, consists of individuals who commit more thefts then other offences. They do not fundamentally differ from the individuals who belong to the thief group, either as to the objects of theft and their value, or as to the method of committing their crime. Here, too, we have to do with individuals for whom thefts constitute their principal source of income. Sub-Group Two, 27 strong, is composed of the individuals who commit more offences of injury to the body, insulting policemen and similar offences commited out of so-called hooligan motives, than thefts. This group approaches the individuals discussed in point B. It is characteristic of them that 11 (out of a total of 15 recorded in our materials) of perpetrators of robbery are to be found in this group. In the material investigated by us robbery goes hand in hand almost exclusively with offences committed from hooligan motives. When we evaluate the general degree of social misfitting of 100 of the investigated we may state that as many as 82 per cent of them belong to the category of manifold recidivists, who, as a rule, work only, if at all, by fits and starts, and are in close connection with the criminal environment. Particularly bad in this respect was the case of 35 of the investigated. 2. In so far as the family environment of young adult recidivists is concerned, we meet with a large percentage (53 per cent) of half-orphans; out of that number in 39 cases it was the mother who took care of the person investigated, in 5 cases - the father, while in the remaining 9 cases there was a stepfather or stepmother. 79 of the fathers were workers (of which 34 unskilled ones), 16 – clerical workers, 5 had their own artisan workshops. The majority of the mothers also earned their living, as a rule, as unskilled workers. The extent of alcoholism in the families under investigation is very considerable: 38 of the fathers can be considered drunkards - for many years they have been systematically drinking, they get drunk several times a week, spend their wages on drink. In the remaining families 29 fathers drink, on the average, from twice to three times a week, while 32 drink only sporadically and do not get drunk. Taking into consideration the educational atmosphere of the home, as well as the state of care and control in the environment during the period of the minority of the persons investigated, it was established that in 58 families the whole set of educationally definitely harmful factors was present. 3. The data obtained during the investigation concerning the personality of young recidivists speak in favor of the view that the latter are characterized by features which prove their low psychical maturity, and, in particular, a domination of impulsive reactions, a considerable and uncontrollable thoughtlessness, acting in the wake of motives responsible for the desire to make the most of life, in the form of continual entertainments and adventures, and a desire to impose on one’s coevals. A striking thing here is a lack of planning, absence of reflections on their future life, as well as of any more serious considerations for work, which, with them, is not identified with the idea of any definite trade; there is also a failure to appreciate critically the effects of one's own behavior. As far as the level of intelligence is concerned, only 11 of the investigated showed signs of mental deficiency. There were 18 individuals of more than average intelligence. A psychological and psychopathological analysis of the investigated shows that 39 of those recidivists are to be included in the category of persons with personality disorders, who are usually described by the name of psychopaths. Yet it does not seem possible, on the basis of the investigation, to delimit the cases which could be diagnosed as psychopathic from such in which the normal development of the personality has suffered serious disturbances, mostly as a result of serious psychical shocks and psychical conflicts during their childhood. There can be no doubt, however, that the psychical qualities of the investigated cannot be squeezed within the framework of even a broad norm adopted, that their personality has pathological traits which exert an essential influence upon their behavior. In comparison with this most numerous group of 39 of the investigated, who are usually approached from the point of view of psychopathy, other pathological cases are not numerous in the material under investigation: with 6 of the investigated we have to do with encephalopathy after skull lesions, with 4 - with psychical changes after an 3 encephalitis, while 3 of the investigated suffer from epilepsy. In analyzing the abnormal personality traits with these 39 recidivists, the following re-occurring psychical qualities and reaction attitudes (incidentally mentioned in conversation by the investigated themselves) have been met with: a great irritability, lack of self-control, a tendency to provoke conflicts owing to an impulsive pattern of behavior, considerable difficulties in trying to subordinate oneself to various kinds of discipline, frequent states of depression and bad feeling, o tension and anxiety. It ought to be emphasized that out of 39 recidivists with serious personality disorders there were as many as 30 cases of very bad family environment in childhood. Besides, in all this material in which the family home so frequently assumes a negative outlook, it is noteworthy how many of young adult recidivists showed no emotional attachment whatsoever to their parents, including a large percentage of individuals of a very aggressive attitude. Among 47 young adults of a definitely aggressive attitude there were 30 lacking any emotional ties with the family home, and among the others there were only 10 free from an aggressive attitude. It is a significant thing that it is precisely with those of the investigated, revealing clear tendencies to aggression, over-impulsive, uncontrolled, that, in comparison with the other investigated, the various emotional conflicts appear much more conspicuously conflicts going back to childhood days, caused by an atmosphere in the family home (a feeling of loneliness due to the lack of manifestations of any tenderer feeling on the part of the mother, jealousy of a brother or sister, because the father liked them better, experiences of fear evoked by the brutality of a drunken father and an ambivalent attitude towards him, etc.) 4. As far as their mode of life was, concerned, only 16 of the investigated, who worked systematically, led a life similar to that of the generality of young people of the same age and of similar social environment. With the remaining ones we find a definitely negative attitude to work, while 32 of them worked very unsystematically, and 52 did but odd jobs or did not work at all. An overwhelming majority of the investigated spent most of their time strolling about the town, sitting in restaurants or nighthouses etc. Alcoholism reached big proportions with 56 of the investigated. They drink at least four or five times per week and frequently get drunk, while the majority of this group drink, and get drunk, every day. All the sons of alcohol addicts belong to this group. 27 of the investigated drink alcohol from once to three times per week, and it is only of 17 of them that it can be said that they either do not drink at all, or else drink only on rare occasions. 5. In our investigation, problems concerning the penalty and prison have been taken into consideration, first and foremost, under two of their aspects: whether or not, and if so, to what extent, the penalty of imprisonment does act, as a deterrent upon the persons investigated, according to their own opinion, and what influence a spell in prison had previously exerted upon them. Nearly all of them (70 answers have been obtained) believe that a penalty of imprisonment can act as a deterrent only on those who have not been in prison yet. Afterwards, that deterrent action ceases, since the prisoner comes to the conclusion that ,,you can get used to anything and bear any conditions". All the investigated also think that a spell in prison, so far from favouring their reformation, derailed them even further. Questioned whether after serving their present penalty they would go on committing criminal offences, 45 of the investigated answered indecisively, while admitting the possibility of their further committing offences, 15 declared bluntly that they would go on stealing, and a more 10 asserted that they would never again appear in the dock (their previous offences had, as a rule, to do with alcoholism). After the investigation was terminated, the further destinies of the 100 young adult recidivists who had been investigated were checked and it appeared. That 42 of them still served prison sentences, 29 had been released and remained at large, while another 29 had been once more arrested after their release for the commission of a new crime. Of the latter group, 17 remained free less than six months, 9 - from six months to one year, and only 3 for more than one year. It ought to be emphasized that out of the 29 investigated persons who were not arrested again after having been released from prison, 10 had been free for only about six months at the time of the last follow-up study. The results of the investigation bear witness to the fact that 80 per cent of young adult recidivists systematically commit criminal offences and belong to the category of the socially entirely depraved. The fundamental conclusion boils down to the following questions: The prophylaxis of young adults recidivism is closely connected with the problem of the recidivism of juvenile delinquents and with the problem of the earliest possible interception of the process of the juvenile's demoralization. With regard to recidivists aged from 17 to 20 the imprisonment penalty ought to be altogether eliminated and long-term educational-cum-correctional methods applied, similar to those used with older juveniles with a high minimum term (two years). Young adult recidivists ought to be submitted to detailed psychological and psychiatrical examination in order to find and apply the appropriate, individualized methods of re-education.

13

Modlitewniki i mszaliki dla dzieci w Polsce w latach 1945-1949

51%

Lewandowicz-Nosal G.

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi

|

2016

|

issue 10

251-278

EN

The article presents in details prayer books for children and young people published in Poland in the period 1945-1949. The bibliography contains 36 such items. Most of them (22) were published in the period 1947-1948. Texts were published mainly by Jesuits’ Publishing Houses in Warsaw and Krakow (Publishing Apostolate of Prayer) and St. Wojciech Publishing in Poznan. They were active in Silesia publishing, bookstore St. Jack in Katowice and publishing St. Cross in Opole. A characteristic feature of this species is versatility, it combines various forms of media. The entire collection has been divided due to recipients: 1. general prayer books for all children (the largest group of texts), 2. prayer books for special audiences - eg. the acolyte, members of church organizations and associations, for example Sodalicja Mariańska, 3. Distinguish prayer books published separately for boys and girls, 4. as the last group there are described two prayer books for children ages 3 and 4-6 years.

PL

W artykule szczegółowo omówiono mszaliki i modlitewniki dla dzieci i młodzieży opublikowane w Polsce w latach 1945-1949. W bibliografii zamieszczono 36 tego typu pozycji. Najwięcej z nich (22) ukazało się w latach 1947-1948. Teksty publikowały głównie wydawnictwa jezuitów z Warszawy i Krakowa (Wydawnictwo Apostolstwa Modlitwy) oraz wydawnictwo św. Wojciecha z Poznania. Aktywne były wydawnictwa na Śląsku, księgarnia św. Jacka w Katowicach i wydawnictwo św. Krzyża w Opolu. Wyróżnikiem tego gatunku jest wielofunkcyjność, łączy on w sobie różne formy przekazu. Prezentowany zbiór został podzielony ze względu na adresatów na: 1. Modlitewniki ogólne, dla wszystkich dzieci, ta grupa tekstów jest największa, 2. modlitewniki dla specjalnych odbiorców – np. ministrantów, członków organizacji i stowarzyszeń religijnych, np. Sodalicji Mariańskiej, 3. Wyróżniono modlitewniki publikowane osobno dla chłopców i dziewcząt, 4. jako ostatnią grupę opisano dwa mszaliki dla najmłodszych dzieci w wieku 3 oraz 4-6 lat.

14

Słowiański cykl Żniwiarz Pauliny Hendel: gender i genologia

51%

Kocznur A.

Polonistyka. Innowacje

|

2022

|

issue 16

55-66

EN

The article addresses the issue of genre (genology) and gender in the book cycle The Reaper by Paulina Hendel. The first part of the article presents the position of Hendel’s book series in the field of Polish young adult literature, particularly in the current context of the popularity of Slavic motifs in contemporary juvenile literature, followed by an interpretation of some of the Slavic motifs present in the series and their function. The second part of the article examines issues in the field of gender studies, especially in the aspect of slutshaming and victimblaming that appear in the novels

PL

W artykule podjęta zostaje kwestia gatunku i gender w cyklu książek Żniwiarz autorstwa Pauliny Hendel. Pierwsza część artykułu skupia się na umiejscowieniu cyklu książek Hendel na tle polskiej literatury dla młodzieży, w szczególności w kontekście mody na słowiańskie motywy we współczesnej literaturze młodzieżowej, następnie zinterpretowane zostają niektóre słowiańskie motywy obecne w cyklu, wraz z pełnioną przez nie funkcją. W drugiej części artykułu zostaje poruszona tematyka z zakresu gender studies, w szczególności w kontekście pojawiającego się w powieściach slutshamingu i victimblamingu.

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Młodociani recydywiści

Modlitewniki i mszaliki dla dzieci w Polsce w latach 1945-1949

Słowiański cykl Żniwiarz Pauliny Hendel: gender i genologia