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1
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Postrzeganie polskich i wietnamskich właścicieli firm przez wietnamskich przedsiebiorców mieszkających w Polsce

100%
Brzozowska A.
Problemy Zarządzania
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2012
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issue 1/2012 (36) t.2
116-130
EN
This text is dedicated to the analysis of the perception of Polish and Vietnamese entrepreneurs among young Vietnamese entrepreneurs doing business in Poland. The Vietnamese are an interesting phenomenon as one of the biggest and most noticeable group of immigrants, with the greatest percentage of entrepreneurs. This publication is a part of the study on entrepreneurship of young Vietnamese in Poland. In this part of research the projection technique was used and then recorded material was analyzed. The obtained results provide guidance for further research. Conclusions will be very helpful to learn more about this group of immigrants, who successfully run their businesses on the Polish market.
PL
Niniejszy tekst jest poświęcony analizie postrzegania przez młodych wietnamskich właścicieli firm w Polsce polskich i wietnamskich przedsiębiorców. Jako jedna z największych i najbardziej zauważalnych grup imigranckich w Polsce, a jednocześnie z największym odsetkiem przedsiębiorców jest ona interesującym fenomenem. W opracowaniu opisana jest jedna z części badania dotyczącego przedsiębiorczości młodych Wietnamczyków na terenie Polski. Opisywany fragment badania został przeprowadzony za pomocą techniki projekcyjnej, a zarejestrowany materiał poddano analizie. Następnie przedstawiono uzyskane wyniki, które zawierają wskazówki do kolejnych badań. Wnioski będą bardzo pomocne do bliższego poznania tej grupy społecznej, która odnosi niemałe sukcesu w biznesie na polskim rynku.
2
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Charakterystyka wietnamskiego przedsiębiorcy w Polsce – analiza metafor

100%
Brzozowska A.
Studia i Materiały
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2018
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issue 2(29), cz. 2
120-130
EN
The following paper describes the results of a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews on 20 Vietnamese entrepreneurs operating in Poland. The aim of the study was to characterize the society of Vietnamese entrepreneurs in Poland. To achieve the goal, the Author used during the conversation a metaphor of the animal to deepen the discussion. The respondents were asked to compare the Vietnamese entrepreneurs to the animal and justify the features assigned to them. Some respondents noticed that the first and second generation of immigrants are different in terms of diligence, leisure time and approach to money. For some of the Vietnamese, the community was homogenous regardless of whether it was the first or the second generation. Despite presenting different animals, the features they describe are consistent. The study shows how Vietnamese entrepreneurs perceive their community.
PL
Artykuł opisuje wyniki badania jakościowego polegającego na przeprowadzeniu wywiadów pogłębionych na 20 wietnamskich przedsiębiorcach funkcjonujących w Polsce. Celem badania było scharakteryzowanie środowiska przedsiębiorców wietnamskich w Polsce. Aby zrealizować cel i pogłębić dyskusję, podczas rozmowy posłużono się metaforą zwierzęcia. Badani proszeni byli o porównanie przedsiębiorców wietnamskich do zwierzęcia i uzasadnienie przypisanym im cech. Część badanych zauważyła, że pokolenie pierwsze i drugie imigrantów różni się od siebie pod względem pracowitości, czasu wolnego i podejścia do pieniędzy. Dla części Wietnamczyków społeczność była homogeniczna niezależnie od tego, czy to było pierwsze czy drugie pokolenie. Mimo przedstawiania różnych zwierząt, opisywane przez nich cechy są spójne. Badanie pokazuje w jaki sposób przedsiębiorcy wietnamscy postrzegają swoją społeczność.
3
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Vietnamese and Chinese Culture and Motives for Being an Entrepreneur Among Immigrants From Vietnam and China Settled in Poland

100%
Brzozowska A.
Studia i Materiały
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2018
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issue 2(29), cz. 2
33-40
PL
Tekst przedstawia wyniki badania prowadzonego metodą jakościową na grupie imigrantów przedsiębiorców pochodzących z kraju Dalekiego Wschodu, którzy prowadzą swoje firmy w Polsce. Zespół badaczy przeprowadził z imigrantami łącznie 24 wywiady pogłębione na terenie całej Polski. Wywiady były nagrane, poddane transkrypcji i przeanalizowane pod kątem założonych obszarów badawczych. Na potrzeby tekstu przedstawiono analizę dotyczącą motywów zakładania własnej działalności w grupie imigrantów i połączeń ich z kulturą. Jak się okazuje motywy w zależności od grupy etnicznej będą bardzo różne. Można przypuszczać, że kultura pochodzenia będzie miała ogromne znaczenie w postrzeganiu przedsiębiorczości i kształtowaniu chęci do bycia przedsiębiorcą. Wsparcie wśród społeczności etnicznej w kierunku prowadzenia firmy sprawia, że dużo osób decyduje się na ten krok, choć wcześniej niekoniecznie mieli takie plany. Przez pryzmat analizy motywów przedsiębiorczych możemy zaobserwować różne wzory radzenia sobie w kraju przyjmującym. Ograniczeniem badania jest próba badanych, która z powodu doboru celowego może nie pokazywać przewag wśród najczęstszych motywów.
EN
The text presents the results of a qualitative study conducted on a group of immigrant entrepreneurs from Vietnam and China who run their businesses in Poland. The team of researchers conducted a total of 24 in-depth interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed against assumed research areas. For the needs of the text, the analysis will present the motives for starting own business by the selected group of immigrants in Poland and the link with their national culture. As it turns out, the motives will be very different depending on the ethnic group. It could be assumed that the culture of origin will be of great importance in the perception of entrepreneurship and in shaping the will to be an entrepreneur. Support from the ethnic community for running a company means that many people decide to take this risk, even if they did not necessarily have such plans before. Through the prism of analyzing entrepreneurial motives, we can observe different patterns of coping in the host country. The limitation of the study is the sample of respondents, which may not show the most common motives due to the targeted selection.
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The cultural determinants of entrepreneurship. An example of the Vietnamese immigrants running their own business in Poland

63%
Brzozowska A., Postuła A.
Problemy Zarządzania
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2014
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issue 4/2014 (49) t.2
PL
Artykuł omawia kulturowe uwarunkowania przedsiębiorczości. Wyniki zaprezentowane w niniejszym tekście oparte są na badaniach przeprowadzonych wśród wietnamskich przedsiębiorców w Polsce. Główną zastosowaną metodą były wywiady częściowo strukturalizowane. Autorki poddały analizie typologie kultur narodowych najbardziej popularne na gruncie nauk o zarządzaniu (Hofstede, 2000; Hall, 1976; Gesteland, 1999; Hampden-Turner i Trompenaars, 1998; Kluckhohn i Strodtbeck, 1961; Schwartz, 1994) i wyróżniły najważniejsze, ich zdaniem, wymiary mające wpływ na postawy i kompetencje przedsiębiorcze (Glinka i Gudkova, 2011). Stosownie do zaprezentowanych wymiarów zostały scharakteryzowane kultura wietnamska (na podstawie analizy literaturowej) oraz kultura wietnamskich imigrantów (na podstawie wyników badań). Ostatecznie zestawiono wyniki analiz literaturowych oraz badań w celu pokazania wpływu uwarunkowań kulturowych na kompetencje przedsiębiorcze badanej społeczności. Wyniki zaprezentowane w tekście są częścią jeszcze nieukończonych badań.
EN
The paper focuses on the cultural approach to entrepreneurship. The results were developed on the basis of the study of Vietnamese entrepreneurs in Poland. The authors analyzed different typologies of national cultures popular on the ground of management theory (Hofstede, 2000; Hall, 1976; Gesteland, 1999; Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, 1998; Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, 1961; Schwartz, 1994) and highlighted the most important, in their opinion, dimensions which have influence on entrepreneurial attitude and competences (Glinka, Gudkova, 2011). Vietnamese culture was described according to these dimensions. Further, picture of Vietnamese culture from the literature was compared to the description of Vietnamese entrepreneurs culture from the research. The results were compared and analyzed in order to present how culture determines entrepreneurial competencies of studied community. The text describes the research which is still in progress.
5
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Role of University in Creating Entrepreneurial Attitudes

51%
Brzozowska A., Glinka B., Postuła A.
Horyzonty Wychowania
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2014
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vol. 13
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issue 26
51-71
EN
Contemporary management education has to face many diverse challenges and, according to many critics, it is taking the wrong direction. We are probably at the time of great changes in the education of future managers. Excessive specialization in business schools, which Mintzberg already noted and criticized four decades ago, and individualization of the educational process is just one of many phenomena that have led to the moment in which students build a false image of the organizations, resulting in multiple problems. Kostera, along with other authors propose to focus on developing imagination among students which have recently been completely side tracked at the expense of the development of technology (and tools) and deep expertise in many diverse areas, including management sciences.
PL
Współczesna edukacja menedżerska jest obecnie w dość trudnym momencie i musi stawić czoła różnorodnym wyzwaniom. Wielu autorów otwarcie krytykuje kierunek zmian, w jakim podążają polskie uczelnie kształcące menedżerów. Już cztery dekady temu Mintzberg zauważył i głośno skrytykował nadmierną specjalizację szkół biznesowych oraz indywidualizację procesu nauczania. Jest to zaledwie jedno z wielu niekorzystnych zjawisk, które spowodowały, że studenci kończą uczelnie z fałszywym wizerunkiem organizacji, co generuje liczne inne patologie. Kostera, podobnie jak wielu innych autorów, proponuje skoncentrowanie się na rozwijaniu wyobraźni u studentów, którzy jak dotąd zarzucani byli ogromem wiedzy i specjalistycznych narzędzi w najróżniejszych obszarach wiedzy. Nie pozwala to przyszłym menedżerom na kształtowanie postaw przedsiębiorczych, na które wpływ mają zupełnie inne czynniki, takie jak umiejętności interpersonalne czy kompetencje społeczne, o czym traktuje artykuł. 
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Don't we overestimate drug allergies in children?

51%
Podlecka D., Jerzyńska J., Brzozowska A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2023
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vol. 36
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issue 5
632-642
EN
Objectives On average about 10% of parents report hypersensitivity to at least 1 drug in their children. After diagnosis process a few of these reactions are being confirmed as drug hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of the study was to assess the real-life prevalence of drug hypersensitivity in children based on drug provocation tests. Material and Methods The authors included 113 children, aged 4–18 years, referred to Pediatrics and Allergy Clinic in Łódź, Poland, due to incidence of adverse reaction during treatment. Medical history regarding allergies to drugs was taken in accordance to the form developed by the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. Skin prick tests, intradermal test and drug provocation test were performed in all patients. Results In all 113 patients suspected of drug allergy, after all diagnostic procedures, the authors proved IgE-mediated allergy to β-lactams, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics in 19 patients (16.8%). Previous history of allergy was a risk factor for drug allergy in studied patients (p = 0.001). The most frequent symptoms of allergy were urticaria and erythematous papular rash. Conclusions Drug allergy is a difficult problem in the practice of a doctor and is difficult to diagnose, especially in the pediatric population. It seems that too often isolated symptoms reported during infection or disease are taken as a symptom of drug allergy, and not as a symptom resulting from the course of the disease.
7
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When toothache results in asthma diagnosis

51%
Rahimo M., Jerzyńska J., Brzozowska A., Podlecka D.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 35
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issue 1
107-110
EN
Local anesthetics (LA) have been used for a wide variety of procedures over the years due to their analgesic effect. These drugs have been seen to cause adverse events in the pediatric population, but an actual allergy must be in question. A case of an apparent hypersensitivity reaction to LA used in the setting of dental procedures in a 14.5-year-old girl with a forgotten history of asthma was reported and medical documentation review was performed. After treatment with LA during several dental procedures, the patient presented the shortness of breath, malaise and fainting, which then resolved spontaneously. After proper history taking, and skin and provocation tests, the patient was diagnosed with bronchial asthma and emotional sensitivity. The patient’s recommendation included using an antihistamine and controlling her asthma before the use of LA, and administering the drug in a supine position. It is essential to consider all possible etiologies of an adverse event after using drugs in the pediatric population and to perform proper testing before making the diagnosis of a drug allergy.
8
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Well-Being of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Their Entrepreneurial Life

51%
Zbierowski P., Brzozowska A., Gojny-Zbierowska M.
Problemy Zarządzania
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2019
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issue 1/2019 (81)
212-238
EN
Miller and Collier (2010) in their considerations on entrepreneurial success state that focusing just on wealth creation is very narrow. The purpose of the paper is to present the results of the analysis of the quality of immigrant entrepreneurs’ life. Authors have examined the differences in well-being, satisfaction and work-life balance among immigrant entrepreneurs and non-immigrant entrepreneurs. In the study, the data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) from 2013 was used. The research results show that the levels of well-being, satisfaction and work-life balance of immigrant entrepreneurs are higher than in the case of non-immigrant entrepreneurs. Also these three variables are higher among opportunity immigrant entrepreneurs than among necessity immigrant entrepreneurs.
9
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Prenatal polyunsaturated fatty acids and atopic dermatitis and food allergy in children from Polish Mother and Child Cohort study

39%
Jerzyńska A., Polańska A., Trafalska E., Jankowska A., Podlecka D., Brzozowska A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2023
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vol. 36
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issue 3
428-436
EN
Objectives Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved both in immune system regulation and inflammation. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the association between maternal dietary intake of PUFAs during pregnancy and atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA) in their children up to 7–9 years of age. Material and Methods The study population consists of 557 mother–child pairs from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL). Based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire completed between the 20–24th weeks of pregnancy, n-3 and n-6 PUFAs as well as n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio were estimated using food composition tables. Children’s health examinations at the age of 1, 2, and 7–9 years were performed by an allergist. Generalized estimating equations were performed in order to assess the prevalence of AD and FA at 3 time points. Independent variables in the equation were n-3, n-6 PUFAs and n-6:n-3 PUFAs ratio. In addition multivariate models were performed to assess the association of PUFAs with AD and FA. Results The prevalence of AD was 37%, 26% and 21% and FA 26%, 22% and 22% at age of 1, 2 and 7–9 years, respectively. Higher n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio correlated with higher prevalence of AD at age of 7–9 years (p < 0.07). In multivariate model n-6 PUFAs were significantly associated with increased risk of persistent FA (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.1). Conclusions These results may contribute to the existing knowledge on the impact of maternal diet during pregnancy on children’s optimal health, however further studies are needed before drawing conclusions and creating clinical practice guidelines.
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