The article is one of several articles summarizing research carried out with a group of foreign students who come to Poland to participate in the Erasmus+ program. Method and research group: Research has been taking place since 2016 and is conducted using an interactive Google survey. The study group consists of 128 people aged 18 to 25 years. The respondents chose Poland, specifically the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, in order to complete a semester or an academic year. This article will also present structured interviews that were conducted with foreign students. Aim of the study: To learn about the attitude of foreign students towards modern teaching methods (e-learning). An additional goal was to verify the knowledge regarding this method of education and to compare Poland with the respondents’ home countries. Results: The respondents come from European countries such as Spain, Portugal, Germany, France, as well as, Braziland India. Most of them appreciate the possibilities of e-learning (87%). Over half of the respondents (62%) say that in Poland distance learning was rather not implemented until 2020. What changed this situation was the coronavirus outbreak. In social sciences, they also appreciate the possibility of classes in the traditional form due to the possibility of participating in workshops and specialist training, or giving presentations.
This article is a summary of considerations related to the subject of presuicidal prevention conducted in age groups in late adulthood. Since 2016, the project "Good Life of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University" in Lublin has been implemented to increase awareness of acts of self-destruction in 21st century civilization. There are many institutions that deal with the fate of the elderly, one of the initiatives is the Association of “malibraciaUbogich”. It was noted that in late adulthood problems regarding social, mental, adaptive and other difficulties are significant. Many older people came to psychological consultations and for help, considering that they did not have support among their relatives. This is the main reason why seniors collaborate with various organizations as beneficiaries or volunteers. Structured interviews (n = 91) show that many of them feel lonely and unnecessary. On the other hand, activities in organizations of the elderly help them to feel valuable and their activity has a large impact on the local environment. The work is therefore theoretical and practical. The article will add one of the case studies that was conducted with a 60+ woman living in a large city after a suicide attempt.
PL
Praca stanowi podsumowanie rozważań związanych z tematem profilaktyki presuicydalnej prowadzonej w grupach wiekowych w okresie późnej dorosłości. Od roku 2016 realizowany jest projekt „Dobre Życie UMCS” w Lublinie mający na celu zwiększenie świadomości odnośnie aktów autodestrukcji w cywilizacji XXI wieku. Istnieje wiele instytucji, które zajmują się losem osób starszych, jedną z inicjatyw jest działalność Stowarzyszania „mali bracia Ubogich”. Zauważono, że w okresie późnej dorosłości problemy dotyczące trudności społecznych, psychicznych, adaptacyjnych i innych są znaczące. Wiele osób starszych zgłaszało się na konsultacje psychologiczne i po pomoc, uznając, że nie mają wsparcia wśród najbliższych. To główny powód, dlaczego seniorzy podejmują współpracę z różnymi organizacjami jako beneficjenci lub wolontariusze. Z wywiadów ustrukturyzowanych (n=91) wynika, że wielu z nich czuje, że są samotni i niepotrzebni. Natomiast działalność w organizacjach zrzeszających osoby starsze pomagają im w tym, aby czuły sięwartościowe, a ich aktywność ma duży wpływ na środowisko lokalne. Praca ma zatem charakter teoretyczno-praktyczny. W artykule zostanie dodany jeden ze studium przypadku, który przeprowadzony był z kobietą 60+, mieszkającą w dużej miejscowości, po próbie samobójczej.
This article is to constitute the conclusion on the subject of the concept of behavioral sink and suicidal problems in the present times. For ages, people have occupied certain spaces and operate in their area. As communities, there are some cultural, economic and social systems. Thus they give shape to the spaces occupied - they form countries, regions, cities, villages and districts. All these territorial units, as well as architecture, houses, streets, public buildings and other elements of the landscape - constitute a socially created space. Researchers are trying to explain some issues through approaches in psychology: behavioral, humanistic, functional, cognitive or psychodynamic. Modernity is associated with many challenges of a psychological nature. Too many people in a territory cause many negative phenomena, including suicidal behavior. Due to the various models of interpretation of this phenomenon, the work is only a prelude to further theoretical and practical considerations in the field of behavioral sink.
This article will refers to the normative nature of emotions in the suicidal situation of children and adolescents aged 12-19. Suicides are a huge problem for the 21st century civilization. Many countries have negative birth rates (The World Factbook –Poland: -0,11, 2014), suicide continues to be committed by very young people. The normality of emotion in suicide attempt is worth exploring subject. Suicidal thoughts, attempts or suicide are stigmatized in society - these actions are a departure from accepted principles or norms. Emotions, especially the negative ones, are an inseparable part of the suicide process. Due to the dangers that occur in the present day, it is worth paying attention to preventive and preventive measures directed mainly to the youngest representatives of society.
In the twenty-first century issue related to freedom, manipulation and advertising is an integral aspect of everyday life in society. The concept of freedom is very difficult to interpret. The literature is considered an interdisciplinary approach, therefore, is associated with many areas of psychology, philosophy, law or economics. Almost every step we meet with advertising, through which companies and institutions promote their products in a variety of ways. However, if consumers perceive them as objects or subjective? Often society is manipulated, lied to and misled by the use of various techniques of advertising on television, radio or the Internet. In view of the above, if society feel free? Is such behavior on the part of enterprises are ethical and lead to a balanced functioning of the civilization of the twenty-first century?
Objectives This research paper is the conclusion of the considerations that have emerged as a result of research conducted since 2018. The relationships related to the control of emotions and professional burnout in athletes were investigated on the example of footballers. The study involved men in the age of emerging adulthood (19-30 years old), most of them come from the areas of eastern Poland. Ultimately, the responses of 420 men were taken into account. This work is both theoretical and practical, due to the practical implications added to the article. The research results may contribute to the discussion on the definition and functioning of people professionally involved in sport. Material and methods In order to obtain data on the planned research, an author’s questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), CECS Emotional Control Questionnaire by M. Watson and S. Greer, scale adapted by Z. Juszczyński was used. Additionally, the second part of the study was conducted in the form of structured interviews in order to obtain more detailed information. Results The most important relationships identified on the basis of this study: the higher the level of subjectively perceivedemotionalcontrol in athletes on the example of footballers, the greater the sense of professional achievement and the lower the sense of emotionalexhaustion and depersonalization. Conclusions Important issues for the respondents, which results from structured interviews, are biological regeneration, contact with a trainer, a group of colleagues, a psychologist or pay ingattention to coping with stress, experiencing failure sorinjuries. Also importantis the possibility of career advancement, raise the prestige of their work and appreciation.
The article is an analysis of the deliberations on legal and psychological issues. The thesis will include the most important theses on factors protecting against the act of suicide in relation to social life. In the 21st century, the problem of self-destruction is extremely significant, because every year many citizens in each country take their lives. An important aspect is that an individual feeling safe in the family, the local environment, society and the state has a better chance of maintaining mental well-being. The issue of citizenship lies on the border between administrative law and international law. Each state imposes many duties on its citizens, grants them rights as well as takes responsibility for them and protects them against foreign states. The starting point for existing legal regulations concerning the institution of Polish and international citizenship should be the definition of the concept and its practical consequences. This knowledge will determine further considerations regarding the treatment of a citizen as responsible for his fate of an individual who has certain characteristics, obligations, as well as rights and opportunities. In the present sense, citizenship is considered a legal state of submission on the legal status of a natural person. About civic education in the broader aspect should take care of the smallest social group which is the family. The task of this social unit is first and foremost a civic education of the individual, it also depends on implanting the citizen with respect and love for the homeland and shaping the national idea. In this case, the work will refer to suicide policy issues and protective factors that may weigh and determine the aspect related to the citizen's mental life.
PL
Artykuł stanowi analizę rozważań na temat kwestii prawniczo-psychologicznych. W pracy zostaną zawarte najważniejsze tezy dotyczące czynników chroniących przed aktem samobójstwa w odniesieniu do życia społecznego. W XXI wieku problematyka związana z autodestrukcją jest nad wyraz znacząca, gdyż każdego roku wielu obywateli w każdym państwie odbiera sobie życie. Ważnym aspektem jest to, że jednostka czująca się bezpiecznie w rodzinie, środowisku lokalnym, społeczeństwie i państwie – ma większe szanse na utrzymanie dobrostanu psychicznego. Problematyka obywatelstwa leży na pograniczu prawa administracyjnego i prawa międzynarodowego. Każde państwo nakłada na swoich obywateli wiele obowiązków, przyznaje im również uprawnienia i jednocześnie bierze za nich odpowiedzialność, a także chroni przed państwami obcymi. Punktem wyjścia obowiązujących regulacji prawnych dotyczących instytucji obywatelstwa polskiego i międzynarodowego powinno być zdefiniowanie pojęcia i jego praktycznych następstw. Wiedza ta, zdeterminuje dalsze rozważania na temat traktowania obywatela jako odpowiedzialnej za swój los jednostki, która posiada określone cechy, zobowiązania, a także prawa i możliwości. W obecnym już znaczeniu obywatelstwo uznawane jest za stan prawny składający się na status prawny osoby fizycznej. O wychowaniu obywatelskim w szeroko rozumianym aspekcie powinna zadbać najmniejsza grupa społeczna jaką jest rodzina. Zadanie tej komórki społecznej to przede wszystkim wychowanie obywatelskie jednostki, polega również na wszczepieniu obywatelowi szacunku i miłości do Ojczyzny oraz kształtowaniu idei narodowej. W tym przypadku praca będzie odnosiła się do kwestii polityki suicydanej oraz czynników ochronnych, które mogą ważyć i determinować aspekt związany z życiem psychicznym obywatela.
Security of the 21st century is a very important issue related to the interdisciplinary approach to this topic. This article is related to the prevention of the 21st century and the problem of suicide, including access to firearms. The suicidological analysis in this case is based on defining the issue of security prevention and the availability of firearms in a given country. Generally there are many specialists who deal with the subject of suicide, public and social health, prevention, prevention, remedies, but the problem of suicide is still present. According to the Headquarters of the Police or the Central Statistical Office, there is an increasing number of suicides. Social campaigns and actions to increase security in various countries are still insufficient. Many countries start and continue to implement prevention related to suicide prevention. A very important issue that will be raised in this article is access to firearms - as a means that is lethal. It is not always the person who decides to commit suicide, he wants to die, namely if a person is determined to commit suicide, he can use many different means (drugs, jump from a height, poison, etc.). They do not always contribute to an irreversible state, i.e. rubbish. However, the use of firearms means that there is no turning back from suicide, there is no turning back from death. Therefore, a return to health is usually impossible. The suicide attempt with the use of a weapon ends very tragically - death or permanent disability. In connection with the above, the work is of a theoretical and practical nature, as it is possible to indicate various issues related to prevention and suicide prevention.
PL
Bezpieczeństwo XXI wieku jest bardzo ważną kwestią związaną z interdyscyplinarnym podejściem do niniejszego tematu. Niniejszy artykuł związany z profilaktyką XXI wieku a problemem samobójstwa, w tym dostępie do broni palnej. Analiza suicydologiczna w tym przypadku opiera się na zdefiniowaniu kwestii profilaktyki bezpieczeństwa oraz dostępności broni palnej w danym kraju. Generalnie jest bardzo wielu specjalistów, którzy zajmują się tematyką samobójstwa, zdrowiem publicznym i społecznym, profilaktyką, prewencją, środkami zaradczymi, jednak w dalszym ciągu problem samobójstwa jest obecny. Według Komendy Głównej Policji czy Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, można wyróżnić coraz większą liczbą samobójstw. Kampanie społeczne i akcje mające na celu zwiększyć bezpieczeństwo w różnych krajach są w dalszym ciągu niewystarczające. Wiele krajów zaczyna i kontynuuje realizowanie profilaktyki związanej z przeciwdziałaniem samobójstwom. Bardzo ważną kwestią, która będzie poruszana w tym artykule jest dostęp do broni palnej – jako środka, który jest śmiercionośny. Nie zawsze osoba, która decyduje się na samobójstwo, chce umrzeć, a mianowicie jeżeli osoba jest zdecydowana na samobójstwo może użyć w wielu różnych środków (leki, skok z wysokości, trucizna itd.). Nie zawsze przyczyniają się one do nieodwracalnego stanu, czyli śmieci. Jednak użycie broni palnej powoduje to, że nie ma odwrotu od samobójstwa, nie ma odwrotu od śmierci. Zatem powrót do stanu zdrowia jest zazwyczaj niemożliwy. Próba samobójcza z użyciem broni kończy się bardzo tragicznie - śmiercią albo stałą niepełnosprawnością. W związku z powyższym praca ma charakter teoretyczno-praktyczny, gdyż można wskazać różnorodne kwestie związane z profilaktyką oraz zapobieganiem samobójstwom.
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę podsumowania zagrożeń związanych ze zjawiskiem, jakim jest pornografia. Praca ma wymiar teoretyczno-praktyczny. W pierwszej kolejności zostanie przedstawiona część teoretyczna oraz wnioski płynące z przeglądu dostępnej literatury. Następnie zaprezentowane zostaną wybrane przykłady case study zaczerpnięte z praktyki psychologicznej odnoszącej się do działalności w telefonie pomocowym UMCS w Lublinie. Inicjatywa ta miała początek w marcu 2020 w momencie rozpoczęcia pracy zdalnej z powodu koronawirusa. Telefon przeznaczony był głównie dla studentów UMCS. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ukazanie wybranych zagrożeń związanych z korzystaniem ze stron pornograficznych w warunkach upowszechnienia Internetu. W pracy zostanie przedstawiony przykład case study 29-letniej kobiety w aspekcie trudności psychologicznych po wykorzystaniu filmu pornograficznego bez jej zgody. Dodatkowym przykładem będzie kwestia uzależnienia 31-letniego mężczyzny od pornografii oraz zmniejszenie możliwości prokreacyjnych.
EN
This article is an attempt to summarize the risks associated with phenomenon of pornography. The work has a theoretical and practical dimension, because in addition to the theoretical part and a review of the available literature, the aspects related to the presentation of selected examples of case studies from the authors’ psychological practice regarding the activity on the help telephone of Maria Skłodowska-Curie University in Lublin were dealt with. This initiative started in March 2020 when he started working remotely due to the coronavirus. The phone was intended mainly for UMCS students. The aim of this study is to present selected threats related to the use of pornographic websites in the conditions of popularization of the Internet. The paper presents an example of a case study of a 29-year-old woman in the aspect of psychological difficulties after using a pornographic film without her consent. An additional example will be the question of the addiction of a 31-year-old man to pornography and the reduction of reproductive possibilities.
This article will refers to sociological and legal aspects of economic activity in Poland. The doctrine distinguishes between two kinds of economic law, typically administrative law and private economic law regulating civil-law relations. Both divisions of law are interlinked because they regulate the functioning of economic entities in the whole country. Private law in this respect regulates property relations of entities of law-entrepreneurs who are entitled to autonomy in legal trade and are entities on the basis of equality. Public law regulates the relationship of subordinate sovereignty, administrative subordination, exercised by the state. Polish legislation is not uniform, as to the definition of entrepreneur and business, every department of law, and even some of the laws within the same law department, use a different definition of economic activity. Therefore, it is very important for an entrepreneur operating in Poland to check whether his activity is an economic activity in connection with the regulations contained in a specific law that may be in force. This is a very problematic issue, although the definitions in the various laws are similar, but they are not identical, which complicates the business, through heterogeneous and complex legislation that puts businesses in uneven light between many state institutions that impose obligations. The work attempts to systematize the definition of an entrepreneur in Polish legal regulations, highlight the differences in individual laws and the consequences of that.
This article is intended to provide a summary of legal and psychological considerations on issues related to the forced treatment of people who suffer from mental disorders and addicted person. The presented subject has interdisciplinary connotations, which are interpreted in a multidimensional manner. These groups of people are exposed to many difficulties in the professional, interpersonal or family environment. Forced treatment involves many limitations, deficits, self-control of emotional control, regular medication and the potential side effects of therapy. What is more, difficulties arise within the planning itself and actions. In some cases, it is necessary to forced treatment people who are dangerous to themselves and their environment. The legal regulations are helpful to undertake these activities. Focusing on the proposed topic may outline the course of action and provide a framework for people who works with individuals and institutions dealing with that kind of problems.
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