After the worldwide physical education crisis, so called PETE at university level is one of the focal point to promote quality Physical Education. In this situation, in 1997, Education Personnel Training Council in Ministry of Education , Science and Culture(since 2001 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; MEXT) in Japan has informed the Council Report on strategy for improving teacher education system in the future. In 2008, the Course of Studies for elementary and junior high schools were introduced in 2008 and that of for senior high school in 2009. Also system for renewing educational personnel certificates is introduced formally from 2009. Based on this situation on PETE reform movement, tasks and trends in PETE at university level in Japan was shown in this article. In Japanese PETE system, there is discrepancy between needed competency for physical education teachers and image of physical education teacher in general. Most important problem in this recognition would be poor knowledge on competencies requested for physical education teacher as profession. To overcome this discrepant, one need to discuss the better way to change employment system to profession. At university level, even through simulated class based on reflection has introduced in some universities, content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge are usually taught separately. In this sense, one should consider again better way to enhance PCK at university level and to make tentative content and performance standard for them related with CPD. In this context, first step to improve PETE curriculum has just begun in JAPAN.
In the article the theoretical framework of public school teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD) in Great Britain, Canada and the USA has been presented. The main objectives have been defined as theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; presentation and characteristic of two models: the model of unification and the model of diversification of teachers’ professional development in the systems of continuing pedagogical education of Great Britain, Canada and the USA by the dominant traits. Their major components have been defined and specified. Public school teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: content of public school teachers’ CPD (N. Dana Fichtman, M. Rees, A. Ross, S. Zepeda); CPD programs (C. Pratt); public school teachers’ CPD models, methods and forms (K. Duinlan, P. Grimmet, G. Troia, P. Wong); continuous professional education (Ya. Belmaz, А. Kuzminskyy, O. Kuznyetsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis) and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
The aim of the research is to analyze continuing education requirements for Canadian actuaries in terms of the standards elaborated and set by The International Actuarial Association. The research methods are the analysis and synthesis of pedagogical knowledge and comparative approach. The research results consist in the following. Having analyzed the CIA qualification standard, we may conclude that it complies with the IAAGuidelines on Continuing Professional Development to a great extent. Lifelong learning addresses a wide range of skills that are necessary for actuaries to ensure competency in the areas where they perform professional services such as technical, management, business and communication skills. The main aim is to stay abreast of all developments in rapidly changing actuarial science and business environment. However, it is a personal obligation of an actuary to develop and adhere to a CPD program as each practitioner is free to choose what activity to devote time to depending on an area of expertise. The Qualification standard also prescribes how much CPD should be undertaken at a minimum for the period of two years, all activities are divided into structured and unstructured. Considering the role of the CIA as a CPD provider, we may reach a conclusion that apart from setting requirements for continuing professional development the functions of the professional body can be summarized as follows. It is focused on facilitating continuing education of actuaries by organizing and offering seminars, webcasts and meetings, suggesting resources that are useful for gauging knowledge and skills for requirements of job tasks and its core responsibility is also monitoring whether its members conform to the existing CPD norms. The practical value of our research consists in the possibility to apply the best practices of CPD investigated and described in the paper to continuing learning of Ukrainian actuaries. Nowadays, Ukrainian specialists who major in actuarial science don’t have any legislative framework or qualification standards covering CPD yet. However, taking into account the fact that the actuarial education is currently being established in Ukraine and the first specialists graduated from the corresponding master`s degree program in 2012, the need for elaborating guidelines on continuing professional development for actuaries will definitely arise, it’s just a matter of time. Therefore, research regarding elaboration of Ukrainian qualification standards of CPD is a very topical issueand might be of interest for further investigation.
In the article the methodology of comparative analysis of public school teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD) in Great Britain, Canada and the USA has been presented. The main objectives are defined as theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; characteristic of the research methodology, used to conduct the comparative analysis. Their major components of the research model (parametric-determining, conceptual and analytical, integrating-analytical and differentiating-analytical, prognostic component) have been defined and specified. Public school teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: political, social, cultural and economic aspects of teachers’ CPD (L. Darling-Hammond, M. Tight); CPD programs (C. Pratt); CPD content (N. Dana Fichtman, M. Rees, A. Ross, S. Zepeda); CPD models, methods and forms (K. Duinlan, P. Grimmet, G. Troia, P. Wong); continuous professional education (Ya. Belmaz, A. Kuzminskyy, O. Kuznyetsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (comparative-historical, logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis, general scientific and interdisciplinary forecasting methods), and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
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