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Zasady przeciw immersji. Zaangażowanie w narrację i zaangażowanie w system formalny gry

100%
Petrowicz M., Jagielloński U., Mgr Marcin Petrowicz — doktorant w Instytucie Sztuk Audiowizualnych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego p. k. K. P. T. B. G.
Replay. The Polish Journal of Game Studies
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2015
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vol. 02
EN
Rules and narratives in video games had a complicated relationship for many years. In game studies this conflict became evident in ludology versus narratology debate, in video game culture critics and players talk about ludo-narrative dissonance. Both of those phenomena express the popular belief that rules and story in videogames oppose each other, that strategic or tactical engagement and narrative immersion cannot coexist in one game. The following article confronts the problem of, supposedly, opposing types of engagement. To understand different aspects of engagement several concepts of immersion are recalled, beginning with those rooted in literary studies by Janet H. Murray, Marie-Laure Ryan and Katarzyna Prajzner, through game specific concept of Laura Ermi and Frans Mäyrä to post-immersion concepts of Gordon Calleja. In the next section of the paper two analyses of specific types of engagement are presented: game formal system engagement in Angry Birds [Rovio Entertainment, 2009] and narrative immersion in The Walking Dead series [Telltale Games, 2012]. The article concludes with a list of mechanical features of a video game that facilitates either engagement in formal system of the game or game’s narrative.
2
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Antioxidant enzymes activity, GSH and MDA level in eggs from heritage breeds

88%
Muchacka R., Sosnówka-Czajka E., Skomorucha I., Kapusta E., Greń A., Goc Z.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2018
EN
The objective of the study was to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of GSH and MDA in yolk and albumen of hen’s eggs. The experiment was carried out with 99 hens of three heritage breeds (‘Greenleg Partridge’ – group I, ‘Sussex’ – group II, ‘Rhode Island Red’ – group III). Layers were reared in the litter system and had outdoor access. Birds were fed ad libitum standard diets based on concentrates for laying hens and had free access to water throughout the experiment. All the groups were managed under uniform environmental (air humidity and temperature, lighting programme) and feeding conditions. At 48 weeks of age, 6 eggs from each group were collected. In the samples of egg yolks and albumens the concentration of GSH and MDA, and activity of SOD, GPx and CAT were estimated. The results were statistically analysed by one-way analysis of variance and significant differences were estimated with Duncan’s multiple range test. The highest activity of SOD, the highest level of GSH and the lowest level of MDA were characterised by eggs from ‘Sussex’ hens, which may indicate their best quality. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (mainly SOD) and the levels of GSH and MDA which occur in eggs may depend on the breed of hens.
3
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Does benzo[a]pyrene affect the heart embryonic development?

75%
Kołodziejczyk Ł. M., Puzik M., Greń A., Batoryna M., Formicki G., Kapusta E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2018
EN
Benzo[a]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of well proved toxic effect on animal cells and tissues. We used chicken in ovo developmental model to verify its influence on selected parameters of the heart rhythm and on the antioxidative defense in the heart tissue. We determined that the dose of 1 mg/kg weight of eggs of benzo[a]pyrene strongly activates the glutathione-dependent antioxidative system, but it do not significantly affect the heart conducting system of the chicken embryo. We postulate that further study on the benzo[a]pyrene action during embryonic development of birds is recommended.
4
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Wpływ metioniny i witaminy E na stres oksydacyjny oceniany w wątrobie szczurów narażonych na działanie fluorku sodu

71%
Stolecka D., Błaszczyk U., Zalejska-Fiolka J., Romuk E., Owczarek A., Birkner E.
Medycyna Pracy
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2018
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vol. 69
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issue 4
403-412
EN
Background Fluorine influences many processes occurring in the organism. Controversies over the evaluation of the biological effects of this substance are due to a small difference between tolerable and toxic fluorine doses. One of the main mechanisms of the fluorine toxic action is its ability to induce oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defense system impairment. It is important to evaluate possible interactions between fluorine and other substances that may increase or decrease its toxicity. Material and Methods The study lasted for 35 days. Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: the control, with sodium fluoride (NaF) in the diet, with sodium fluoride, methionine and vitamin E (NaF+M+E) in the diet, with sodium fluoride and vitamin E (NaF+E) in the diet. The biochemical analysis conducted in animal liver homogenates included determination of activities of: total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD), superoxide dismutase with copper and zinc (CuZnSOD), superoxide dismutase with manganese (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Results The activities of CuZn- SOD, GPX, CAT and MDA concentration were changed significantly. There were no differences in the activities of t-SOD, MnSOD, GR and GST among the experiment. Conclusions In the conducted experiment, the run-out of enzymatic protection of liver by decreasing of the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPX) and increasing the MDA concentration in NaF group was observed. The addition of vitamin E and methionine does not significantly stimulate the enzymatic antioxidant system, however, it causes of MDA concentration decreases. Med Pr 2018;69(4):403–412
PL
Wstęp Fluor wpływa na wiele procesów zachodzących w organizmie. Kontrowersje dotyczące oceny działania związków fluoru na ustrój wynikają głównie z wąskiego zakresu stężeń pomiędzy dawkami tolerowaną i toksyczną. W jednym z mechanizmów toksycznego działania fluoru znaczącą rolę odgrywa jego zdolność do wywoływania stresu oksydacyjnego poprzez generowanie wolnych rodników i zmniejszenie wydajności enzymatycznego układu antyoksydacyjnego. Istotnym kierunkiem badań jest poszukiwanie interakcji fluoru z innymi substancjami, które mogą zarówno zwiększać, jak i zmniejszać efekty jego działania. Materiał i metody Eksperyment trwał 35 dni. Poddane badaniom 24 szczury podzielono na 4 grupy: kontrolną, z dietą z dodatkiem fluorku sodu (NaF), z dietą z dodatkiem fluorku sodu, metioniny i witaminy E (NaF+M+E) oraz z dietą z dodatkiem fluorku sodu i witaminy E (NaF+E). W homogenatach wątroby zwierząt oznaczono: aktywność całkowitej dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (total superoxide dismutase – t-SOD), izoenzymu cytoplazmatycznego (superoxide dismutase with copper and zinc – CuZnSOD), izoenzymu mitochondrialnego (superoxide dismutase with manganese – MnSOD), peroksydazy glutationowej (glutathione peroxidase – GPX), katalazy (catalase – CAT), reduktazy glutationowej (glutathione reductase – GR), transferazy S-glutationowej (glutathione S-transferase – GST) oraz stężenie dialdehydu malonowego (malondialdehyde – MDA). Wyniki Zaobserwowano statystycznie istotnie zmiany w aktywności CuZnSOD, GPX i CAT oraz stężenia MDA. Dla t-SOD, MnSOD, GR i GST nie stwierdzono zmian statystycznie istotnych. Wnioski W warunkach eksperymentu doszło do wyczerpania enzymatycznej ochrony antyoksydacyjnej organizmu w obrębie komórek wątrobowych, obserwowanej poprzez obniżenie aktywności enzymów antyoksydacyjnych (CAT i GPX) i wzrost stężenia MDA w grupie NaF. Dodatek witaminy E i metioniny nie stymuluje istotnie enzymatycznego układu antyoksydacyjnego, wpływa jednak korzystnie na obniżenie stężenia MDA w komórkach wątrobowych. Med. Pr. 2018;69(4):403–412
5
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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING STANDARDIZATION SHIFT FOR ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

63%
Zabawa P.
Information Systems in Management
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 4
593-604
EN
The paper is focused on the processes of software development of enterprise systems. It is related to the new concept of software development paradigm named Context-Driven Meta-Modeling Paradigm (CDMM-P) introduced by the author. The CDMM-P can be applied to define modeling or meta-modeling languages, to construct enterprise systems data layer. The CDMM-P concept is based on application open ontologies in the form composed of notions characteristic for software engineering and it constitutes the first implementation and the first application of open ontologies in software engineering domain. The paper presents the concept of a shift of existing OMG standardization approach. It explains why the CDMM-P graph representation and its API should be the subject of standardization in place of MOF-based close ontology structures.
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