Search results

1

Zestrzelenie samolotu Malaysia Airlines (lot MH17): odpowiedzialność materialna i karna w świetle prawa międzynarodowego

100%

Chojnacki J.

Sprawy Międzynarodowe

|

2016

|

issue 1

62-73

EN

Intensified military action in Ukraine in mid-2014 meant higher casualties among soldiers and civilians, including 298 victims of the tragic crash of the Malaysia Airlines passenger plane. This article begins with a presentation of the developments of 17 July 2014, technical data about flight MH17 and initial international reaction. The focus, however, is on the controversial issue of criminal and material liability of the perpetrators in terms of international law, with the first aspect relating primarily to the jurisdiction of International Criminal Court and a potential trial in The Hague, and the second concerning compensation for families of the victims. The conclusions on the principle of sovereignty and state control of airspace during armed conflict could be a starting point for further research.

2

Determinants of Chinese demand for tourism in Malaysia

80%

Puah C.-H., Huan S.-H., Thien F.-T.

Business and Economic Horizons

|

2018

|

vol. Volume 14

|

issue Issue 3

501-512

EN

Tourism sector in Malaysia has always been one of its focal service industries not only in the past, but in the future as well in which Malaysian government has been focusing on diverting its economic activities from a resource-based to a service-based economy in its new economic model. China, a strongly emerging economy has been ranked as the third main tourist generating country for Malaysia since 2012. Hence, this study empirically identifies the macroeconomic determinants affecting the tourism demand from China to Malaysia. These determinants include real income, travel cost, exchange rate and trade openness. Particularly, real income and trade openness are evident to positively affect Chinese tourism demand while travel cost and exchange rate are found to adversely influence Chinese tourists’ decision to travel to Malaysia.

3

Problem nierówności dochodowych i ubóstwa w wieloetnicznym społeczeństwie Malezji

80%

Gliniak P.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

|

2015

|

issue 2(4)

49-67

EN

The objective of this article is to analyze income inequality and poverty issue among ethnic groups in Malaysia. The government in spite of the historic, social and economic determinants inherited from British colonists, has managed this problem efficiently. This was achieved thanks to actual focus on the matter, during the long term development programs realization since the early 70s. These programs’ implementation caused an immediate outbreak of violence targeted to the wealthiest Chinese in 1969. Nowadays Malaysia can be an example of the country that is managing successfully with inequality and poverty reduction together with the high economic growth. It has to be highlighted that during the decades of income inequality elimination between Bumiputera and other ethnic groups, the political and social inequalities raised. Presently, they have an effect on Malaysian economy and population and also impact the country destabilization.

4

Konsensus waszyngtoński a doświadczenia Indonezji i Malezji w trakcie azjatyckiego kryzysu finansowego z 1997 roku

80%

Gliniak P.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

|

2016

|

issue 1 (9)

65-79

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the impact of Washington Consensus principles for selected Southeast Asian countries – Malaysia and Indonesia and their struggle during Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. Government’s universal issue, particularly in developing countries, is the ability to find a range of government market regulations to ensure fast economic development and social wealth. The author presents that an idea of the government participation is contained between two opposite concepts. The first idea claims that the government should be completely eliminated. The second, one that the government intervention is necessary to revise the market failures. Initially, the Washington Consensus principles were based on laissez-faire and neoliberal solutions. According to postulates prepared by J. Williamson, the Washington Consensus principles originally anticipated e.g. financial discipline, economy and trade liberalization, privatization, open for FDIs or deregulation. Proposed laissez-faire reforms were supposed to to constrict the role of government and build the functioning of economy upon a market mechanism.. Representatives of Bretton Woods organisations e.g. International Monetary Fund or The World Bank, followed this way to achieve the goals of the Washington Consensus. Due to the consensus political effectiveness, the postulates were implemented in many countries in Latin America or East Asia, for instance in Indonesia. To this analysis the author selected two countries from the region, both before the 1997 crisis, recording the impressive economic growth. During the crisis the governments of both countries decided to choose a completely different weapon to fight against the economic chaos. Jakarta, surprised by the economic collapse scale, which during its first phase had “hurt” the country, adopted the IMF recommendations almost indiscriminately. By contrast, Malaysian government adopted alternative strategy and implement own crisis management tools. They were based on e.g. capital control or an intensive role of the government in the reduction of socio-economic loses, which were aftermath of the crisis. The author based on works of many independent economists. It supposed to form the objective opinion about decisions made by particular governments. Additionally, to compare outlined thesis, author’s conclusions were based on economic data and indicators. The data illustrate the long term effects which were being caused by the crisis and reforms implemented by the particular countries governments. Conclusions that can be extrapolated from the presented paper, argue that Malaysia decision of taking own alternative way to fight against the economic breakdown was right. This can be clearly seen by comparing the 1997 crisis effects in Malaysia and Indonesia. Government in Jakarta, despite the financial and advisory support from IMF, was dealing worse during the economic collapse and after it. The results of the research indicate defeat of neoliberal ideas in the developing countries economy and the significant role of the government and effective institution in market mechanism optimization.

5

ICGPA as an Integrated Grading System: A Qualitative Study

80%

Hemdi M. A., Hanafiah M. H., Zahari M. S. M.

The New Educational Review

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2017

|

vol. 49

167-175

EN

The presented paper shares the perception of Integrated Cumulative Grade Point Average (iCGPA) as an integrated grading system. The iCGPA system is one of the key initiatives outlined for implementation under the Malaysia Education Blueprint (Higher Education). A qualitative approach through discussion with the focus group was applied for information gathering. The sample populations were seven lecturers and fifty students who are directly involved in the iCGPA pilot project. Their perceptions on iCGPA were explored during the interviews. The findings show that iCGPA is evidently able to identify the students’ actual ability, knowledge, skills, and attitude. The analysis of interview data yielded four major themes. The iCGPA assessment not only aids students to improve their performances but also directly helps lecturers in varying their teaching methodologies. Further research on the effects of different contexts and factors is necessary to make a systematic evaluation of iCGPA.

6

The Impact of Advertising Appeals on Purchase Intention for Women’s Fashion Products in Malaysia

80%

Farihah Bt. Isamudin N., Tahir Jan M.

Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets

|

2021

|

issue 1(12)

19-36

EN

This paper is mainly focused on analyzing the impact of four advertising appeals, namely love appeal, humor appeal, happiness appeal and excitement appeal on purchase intention for women fashion products in Malaysia. Primary data were collected from 303 respondents using selfadministered online questionnaire that was distributed among social media users in Malaysia. The collected data went through an extensive process of screening and sorting to prepare for the analyses. Several important tests were conducted using analytical tools, namely IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and its added module, AMOS to reach the fi ndings. Among them are a descriptive analysis, reliability tests, an exploratory and confi rmatory factor analysis, and hypothesis testing. In addition, two-stage structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test for the fi tness of the proposed model. The fi ndings from the study revealed that two out of four advertising appeals, namely excitement appeal and love appeal, had signifi cant positive impacts on consumers’ purchase intention. Meanwhile, humor appeal and happiness appeal were found to have insignifi cant impacts. This research provides invaluable insights for marketers, especially those in women’s fashion industry in Malaysia, in creating eff ective advertising campaign to promote their fashion products to consumers in Malaysia. A unique attempt to investigate the individual impact of love appeal, humor appeal, happiness appeal, and excitement appeal on purchase intention is the strength of this research. Further, this study is also invaluable because of its main consideration, which was women’s fashion products.

7

Travelling away from the “artsy post-modern lefty-pinko university”. Noor's transcultural experience and the duties of the intellectual

80%

Łukaszyk E.

Colloquia Humanistica

|

2014

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issue 3

EN

Travelling away from the “artsy post-modern lefty-pinko university”. Noor's transcultural experience and the duties of the intellectualThe volume Qur'an and cricket consists of several travelogues produced by a Malay intellectual, Farish A. Noor, during his trips to the most problematic places of the world, marked by the contemporary “battles of God”. This book is interpreted in terms of a quest for transcultural condition understood as a dimension of experience transcending the multiplicity of cultural orders in dissent. Noor sketches his own definition of the intellectual, contrasted in this article with the visions given by Gramsci, Adorno and Said. The subject of the transcultural condition is defined as “itinerant scholar” transgressing the limitations of the academia by his nomadic immersion in the world. The attitude of the traveller is marked by openness and readiness to listen, even if he is confronted to irrational mumbling. Precisely the mumbling of anger and hate becomes the most difficult challenge to the intellectual unable to deal with it rationally. The only remaining answer is a sheer presence and love, emotional attachment to the world, as the scholar rejects the temptation of the ivory tower that would isolate him from the otherness. The modality of speech that opposes the hateful mumbling isn't based on clear, persuasive argumentation, but on ironic ambivalence conjugated with directness and the rejection of euphemism. Most importantly, the “itinerant scholar” is not a preacher. In opposition to the leftist tradition of defining the intellectual as a secular figure, the “itinerant scholar” remains deeply immersed in religion. The challenge of building up the transcultural dimension is connected to the necessity of finding a place for the authentic religious experience in times of “battles of God”.Z dala od “nowinkarskiego, postmodernistycznego, lewicująco-różowego uniwersytetu”. O doświadczeniach transkulturowych Farisha Noora i powinnościach intelektualistyKsiążka Qur'an and cricket stanowi zbiór notatek z podróży malajskiego intelektualisty Farisha A. Noora do najbardziej problematycznych miejsc świata, gdzie toczone są „bitwy o Boga”. W niniejszym artykule jest ona interpretowana jako zapis poszukiwania kondycji transkulturowej, polegającej nie na zajmowaniu pozycji pomiędzy stronami konfliktu lub też poza nim, ale na poszukiwaniu przestrzeni doświadczenia mieszczącej się ponad porządkami kulturowymi. Noor szkicuje własną koncepcję intelektualisty, która w artykule zostaje skontrastowana z zapatrywaniami Gramsciego, Adorno i Saida. Podmiotem kondycji transkulturowej ma być „wędrowny uczony”, przełamujący ograniczenia akademickich zapatrywań dzięki nomadycznemu doświadczaniu świata w podróży. Stanowi ona sposób wyjścia ku innemu z gotowością do wysłuchania, nawet jeśli jedynym, co się pojawia, jest bełkot. Właśnie bełkotliwość gniewu i nienawiści stanowi wszakże największe wyzwanie dla intelektualisty, który nie może jej sprostać racjonalną argumentacją, w jakiej jest biegły. Jedyną możliwą odpowiedzią jest więc obecność i miłość, emocjonalne przywiązanie do świata, odmowa porzucenia, opuszczenia, zdystansowania się wobec niego. Natomiast sposobem mówienia, jaki przeciwstawia się bełkotowi nie jest jasność i jednoznaczność dyskursu perswazyjnego, lecz przeciwnie, niejednoznaczność i ambiwalencja wypowiedzi ironicznej. „Wędrowny uczony” nie jest więc kaznodzieją, lecz ironistą. W przeciwieństwie do lewicowej tradycji definiowania sylwetki i powinności intelektualisty, „wędrowny uczony” zostaje scharakteryzowany, choć w bardzo dyskretny sposób, jako postać zakorzeniona w wymiarze religijnym. Wyzwanie zbudowania przestrzeni transkulturowej powiązane jest więc z potrzebą ocalenia i pomieszczenia w niej autentycznego doświadczenia religijnego w dobie „bitew o Boga”.

8

Building Users’ Appraisal of Effective Fire Safety Management for Building Facilities in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions: A Pilot Study

70%

Ebenehi I. Y., Mohamed S., Sarpin N., Wee S. T., Adaji A. A.

Path of Science

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2018

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vol. 4

|

issue 12

2001-2010

EN

Enormous investments had been made in Malaysian education sector of the economy especially in the higher education towards fulfilling a target of creating an attractive environment, conducive to learning and academic excellence. Building facilities account for a significant portion of investments in the sector. Since no building has immunity against fire, it has become imperative to research ways of ensuring the safety of built facilities and users from fire disaster. This research proposed a framework for effective fire safety management for buildings in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions. The report aims to display the results of the pilot study conducted among staff and students from selected universities in Johor Malaysia before carrying out the core survey to collect information from respondents. The pilot study sought to minimise errors in the questionnaire, makes the survey runs smoothly, facilitate the response rate, and provide a useful and valuable inquiry. The results include the descriptive statistics, reliability test, content and construct validity, and the normality test. The summary of the reliability test for each construct of the users’ questionnaire, are Management, 0.910; fire safety equipment/system, 0.907; building components safety design, 0.917. Furthermore, users’ awareness and knowledge of fire safety, 0.948; users’ attitude on fire safety, 0.885 and the effectiveness of fire safety management have a value 0.913 for Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. The aggregate Descriptive Statistics results for Users/Occupants Questionnaire show mean values between the ranges of 3.34 to 3.76. The questionnaire had low dispersion and standard deviation values of less than 1. The values of skewness and kurtosis were all within the recommended threshold of -/+2, an indication that all the constructs of the study were normally distributed. The results are a favourable indicator for proceeding with the core survey using the instrument.

9

Accounting expertise in the audit committee and earnings management

70%

Al-Absy M. S. M., Ismai K. N. I. K., Chandren S.

Business and Economic Horizons

|

2018

|

vol. Volume 14

|

issue Issue 3

451-476

EN

This study attempts to investigate the influence of accounting expertise in the AC on the level of accrual earnings management (AEM) in Malaysian firms by using two proxies, the Modified Jones Models by Dechow et al. (1995) and Kasznik (1999). A sample of 143 firms with slight positive earnings were selected from the Bursa Malaysia Main Market for 2013, 2014 and 2015. Using panel data regression, this study shows that accounting expertise in the AC does not mitigate AEM. The accounting expertise of the AC directors and chairman and the AC’s balanced accounting expertise have a positive relationship with attitude for AEM. In line with prior studies, this paper concludes that AC directors are either not truly independent or do not have time or energy to mitigate earnings management practices. Thus, more policies are needed to strengthen the independence of the AC and ensure the members carry out their duties more responsibly.

10

Diaspora chińska oraz jej wpływ na społeczeństwo i gospodarkę na przykładzie Malezji i Singapuru

70%

Gliniak P.

Studia Azjatystyczne

|

2016

|

issue 2

36-55

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the Chinese diaspora in two Southeast Asian countries, Malaysia and Singapore, and the influence of this group on the society and economy of these countries. Chinese people, who left the country, for instance, for political or remuneration reasons and settled in Southeast Asia, have a significant impact on the region. The influence of this group on countries like Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia, where it has been present for centuries, is substantial. The attitudes of the Islamic Malaysian and secular Singapore governments to overseas Chinese is completely different. In spite of many political, social and economic difficulties, the Chinese diaspora has been able to preserve its culture, language and tradition, and has achieved significant economic success. This economic success has been often associated with aversion to the local community. In modern Southeast Asian history, there are the examples of social tensions that have been turn into anti-Chinese riots. Nevertheless, the Chinese diaspora has contributed actively to the economic development of Malaysia, as well as the economic and political development of Singapore, basically during one generation, on a significant scale.

11

Analyzing entrepreneurial orientation impact on start-up success with support service as moderator: A PLS-SEM approach

61%

Kee D. M. H., Rahman N. A.

Business and Economic Horizons

|

2017

|

vol. Volume 13

|

issue Issue 2

128-141

EN

This paper examines the Start-up Success of Spin-off and Symbiosis Company (SSC) using Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Support Service. Notwithstanding the extensive study on start-up firms and Support Service, there is a missing link on how EO impacts Start-up Success, particularly in Malaysia case study. To address such limitation, this paper proposed that Start-up Success of SSC will be improved by EO and Support Service. A total of 120 SSC in Peninsular Malaysia were employed as respondents and data were analyzed using PLS-SEM analysis. The empirical results showed that EO is positively related to Start-up Success and intensify the potentials of Support Service as a moderator. As most of the related literature highlights the importance of Support Service, this study brings new perspectives on how EO is also significant in improving the Start-up Success. In addition, the critical discussion provided in this paper is expected to contribute to the body of knowledge on entrepreneurship studies and act as a future reference on the EO, support service, and SSC.

12

Roles performed by bank branch managers in Malaysia

51%

Ng S.-I., Tee K.-K., Lau Y.-W.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

|

2010

|

vol. nr 1

79-92

PL

W niniejszym artykule, bazując na modelu Mintzberga, przedyskutowano role pełnione przez menedżerów oddziałów banków w Malezji. Pogłębione rozumienie pełnionych ról menedżerskich jest istotne dla organizacji, co najmniej z dwóch powodów: dla celów poprawienia skuteczności rekrutacji na stanowiska menedżerskie oraz określenia odpowiednich programów szkoleniowych dla menedżerów. Dane pozyskano w badaniach przeprowadzonych metodą wywiadu od 143 menedżerów oddziałów banków zlokalizowanych na obszarze Półwyspu Malajskiego. Zauważono co najmniej cztery implikacje warte odnotowania. Po pierwsze, model struktury organizacyjnej zaproponowany przez Mintzberga (1971) jest rzeczywiście stosowany w Malezji, chociaż opracowany został ponad 38 lat temu. Po drugie, istotnie zaszły zmiany w ocenach poszczególnych ról, co wskazuje na ciągłą ich zmianę. Po trzecie, role częściej wskazywane przez współczesnych menedżerów kładą nacisk na funkcje interpersonalne i informacyjne bardziej niż na role decyzyjne. Po czwarte, zarówno mężczyźni jak i kobiety pełnią wszystkie 10 ról menedżerskich w tym samym stopniu. W niniejszym artykule dyskusji poddano praktyczne implikacje powyższych wyników badań.

EN

This paper discusses managerial roles performed by bank branch managers in Malaysia basing on Mintzberg's model. In-depth understanding of managerial roles performed is significant to organization in at least two ways: improve managerial recruitment effectiveness and identify suitable training programs for existing managers. Data was collected from 143 bank branch managers across Peninsular Malaysia via interview survey. There were at least four implications worth noting here. First, Mintzberg's (1971) framework was indeed applicable in Malaysia although it has been developed more than 38 years ago. Second, there were indeed changes in role rankings, suggesting role emphasis changes over time. Third, roles more emphasized by today’s managers were interpersonal and informational roles while role less emphasized was decisional role. Fourth, male and female managers were found to perform all 10 roles in the same extent. Practical implications were then discussed.

13

Portfolio investments in Indonesia and Malaysia as examples of developing the investment attractiveness on Islamic capital markets

51%

Broszkiewicz M.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

|

2020

|

issue vol. 64, nr 2

19-32

EN

The investment attractiveness of capital markets, e.g. the degree of distinction between regional and global markets, determines the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions and information transparency. Market effectiveness as one of the pillars of the capital market is based on the stability and transparency of the legal framework that determines the possibilities of entering into a transaction. The main research goal of this article is the presentation of the inflow process of portfolio investment in Islamic countries, with a particular focus on the markets of Indonesia and Malaysia, in connection with their investment attractiveness. The strong interest in the capital markets of Islamic countries, especially after the financial crisis of 2008, has led to the dynamic development of these markets as well as the threat of the outflow of the so-called “hot capital”. The causes and effects of these processes are not sufficiently described in the literature.

PL

O atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej rynków kapitałowych, a więc o stopniu wyróżnienia się spomiędzy rynków regionalnych i globalnych, decydują możliwość dopasowywania się do zmieniających się warunków otoczenia oraz przejrzystość informacyjna. Efektywność informacyjna rynku, jako jeden z filarów rynku kapitałowego, opiera się na stabilności i przejrzystości zasad prawnych, które decydują o możliwościach zawierania transakcji. Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza napływu inwestycji portfelowych w krajach islamskich ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rynków Indonezji i Malezji. Silne zainteresowanie rynkami kapitałowymi państw islamskich, szczególnie po okresie kryzysu finansowego z 2008 r., powoduje dynamiczny rozwój tych rynków, a także zagrożenie odpływem tzw. gorącego kapitału. Przyczyny i skutki tych procesów nie są jeszcze w literaturze szczegółowo opisane.

14

Motivational perception of superiors and subordinates - the case of Malaysia

51%

Ho J. A., Liew E. Y.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

|

2009

|

vol. nr 4

55-69

EN

Human resources have become increasingly important as they can determine the success or failure of a company. As such, managers need to pay attention to the motivation of their employees. The puipose of this paper is to determine the motivational perceptions between the Malaysian managers and their employees. The study was conducted on 104 Malaysian managers and employees from 40 companies in the manufacturing and financial service industry. The results of the study indicated there were significant differences between the perceptions of the managers and their employees on what motivated the employees. The study also found that employees were more motivated by intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivators. The theoretical and managerial implications of the results are also discussed.

PL

Zasoby ludzkie stają się coraz bardziej znaczące, ponieważ decydują o sukcesie lub porażce przedsiębiorstwa. Dlatego też menadżerowie coraz większą uwagę zwracają na kwestię motywacji swoich pracowników. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie percepcji motywacyjnych malezyjskich menadżerów i ich podwładnych. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w Malezji na 104 menadżerach i pracownikach 40 firm działających w sektorze produkcyjnym i usług finansowych. Wyniki badań wskazują na istotne różnice w postrzeganiu przez kierowników i ich podwładnych, tego, co ich motywuje. Badania wskazały również, że pracownicy byli w większym stopniu motywowani przez czynniki o charakterze wewnętrznym niż zewnętrzne motywatory. Ponadto, w opracowaniu poddanoo dyskusji implikacje teoretyczne i zarządcze.

15

Prawo do edukacji uchodźców Rohingya

41%

Jaremba M.

Społeczeństwo i Polityka

|

2019

|

issue 4(61)

177-189

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problemu dostępu do edukacji dla uchodźców Rohingya. Pomimo tego, że liczne przepisy prawne aktów międzynarodowych zapewniają powszechny i bezpłatny dostęp do edukacji podstawowej dla każdego człowieka na świecie, nadal są miejsca, gdzie takie prawa nie są respektowane. Widać to na przykładzie uchodźców Rohingya, którym utrudnia się dostęp do edukacji. Jedną z części artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych aktów prawnych zapewniających prawo do nauki. Główną częścią publikacji jest ukazanie problemów w dostępie do edukacji dla uchodźców Rohingya w Mjanmie, Bangladeszu, Tajlandii i Malezji. Analizie zostały poddane takie czynniki, jak dostęp do wykwalifi kowanej kadry nauczycielskiej czy liczba miejsc w szkołach przeznaczonych dla uchodźców Rohingya.

EN

The article aims to present the problem of access to education for Rohingya refugees. Although various legal provisions of international acts guarantee universal and free access to basic education for everyone in the world, there are still places where such rights are not respected. The phenomenon can be observed in the case of Rohingya refugees whose access to education is hindered. One component of the article is the presentation of the most signifi cant legal acts which ensure a person’s right to education. The main part of the publication indicates the problems concerning access to education for Rohingya refugees in Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand and Malaysia. The article analyses factors such as access to qualifi ed teaching staff and the number of places in schools for Rohingya refugees.

16

Wielokulturowość a jedność narodowa – problemy społeczne w Malezji na przełomie XX i XXI wieku

41%

Maślak E., Popławska J.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

|

2021

|

vol. 28

|

issue 2

63-77

EN

Malaysia is a culturally and ethnically diverse country in Southeast Asia. The aim of the work is to examine the causes and impact of the lack of cohesion and integrity in Malaysian society, as well as to check whether the local government counteracts divisions among the discussed nation. Basic information about Malaysia and an analysis of indicators relevant to the assessment of the social development of the country in question are also presented. The paper also describes selected socio-economic problems occurring in this country. Opportunities for economic and social development of Malaysia in the coming years were also presented. The text is mainly based on research: Budowa państwa w warunkach wieloetniczności. Przypadek Malezji [State Bilding in Multi-Ethnic Conditions. The Case of Malaysia] by Ewa Trojnar, Problem nierówności dochodowych i ubóstwo w wieloetnicznym społeczeństwie Malezji [The Problem of Income Inequality and Poverty in the Multi-Ethnic Society of Malaysia] by Paweł Glinik and Sexuality Education in Malaysia: Perceived Issues and Barriers by Professionals by Zahra Fazli Khalaf, Wah Yun Low, Effat Merghati-Khoei, Behzad Ghorbani. Conclusions were presented that Malaysia, due to its intensive economic evolution, is perceived as a strong ally in the international arena. It was also noted that the country in question could be a role model for partners and poor countries in this region of Asia. Unfortunately, differences in the legal situation of individual ethnic and racial groups, economic disproportion or lack of quality education (even sex education) lead to social stagnation. The solution may be the implementation of selected Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, which will consolidate the further development of Malaysia and improve the general well-being of citizens. Implementation of these measures may be the way for Malaysia to become a leader in Southeast Asia, but it requires many social changes that should be implemented as soon as possible.

PL

Malezja to zróżnicowany kulturowo i etnicznie kraj w Azji Południowo-Wschodniej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie przyczyn oraz wpływu braku spójności i integralności społeczeństwa Malezji na możliwości rozwoju tego kraju, a także sprawdzenie, czy tamtejszy rząd stara się zapobiegać podziałom społecznym. Przedstawiono również podstawowe informacje dotyczące Malezji oraz dokonano analizy wskaźników istotnych w ocenie rozwoju społecznego tego kraju. Na tym tle zaprezentowano wybrane problemy społeczno-ekonomiczne oraz możliwości rozwoju gospodarczego i społecznego Malezji w najbliższych latach. Artykuł opiera się głównie na następujących opracowaniach: Budowa państwa w warunkach wieloetniczności. Przypadek Malezji Ewy Trojnar, Problem nierówności dochodowych i ubóstwo w wieloetnicznym społeczeństwie Malezji Pawła Glinika oraz Sexuality Education in Malaysia: Perceived Issues and Barriers by Professionals, którego autorami są Zahra Fazli Khalaf, Wah Yun Low, Effat Merghati-Khoei, Behzad Ghorbani. Postawiono wnioski, iż Malezja ze względu na swój intensywny rozwój gospodarczy może być dla partnerów i biednych krajów tego regionu Azji wzorem do naśladowania. Niestety, różnice w sytuacji prawnej poszczególnych grup etnicznych i rasowych, dysproporcje ekonomiczne czy brak odpowiedniej jakości kształcenia (nawet edukacji seksualnej) prowadzą do stagnacji społecznej. Rozwiązaniem mogłoby być przyjęcie do realizacji wybranych Celów Zrównoważonego Rozwoju określonych przez Organizację Narodów Zjednoczonych, które ugruntowałyby dalszy rozwój Malezji oraz poprawiły dobrostan jej obywateli. Malezja ma szansę wejść na drogę do stania się liderem w regionie Azji Południowo-Wschodniej, ale wymaga to wielu zmian społecznych, które powinny zostać wprowadzone jak najszybciej.

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