Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Refine search results

Journals help
Authors help
Years help

Results found: 36

first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  PISA
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
EN
The subject of this article is an analysis of the 2017 education reform and assessing whether this reform addresses the needs of the modern student. The problems of the education sector are discussed in the report from the last edition of the PISA survey and the results of own research. The quoted data presents the student’s perspective on the functioning of schools and on the enrollment in the core curriculum for the Polish language. The article also contains a summary of characteristic elements of the previous education reforms (with particular emphasis on the Jędrzejewicz reform). This review Allowi to assess the level of innovation of recent changes and the validity of duplicating previous solutions. The analysis of the current core curriculum is the starting point for determining the current direction of educational policy. Thanks to this, it is possible to estimate how much the reformers’ proposals are able to stop the problems of the modern school and to what extent they can become a source of further difficulties.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie reformy szkolnictwa z 2017 roku pod kątem jej przystawalności do potrzeb współczesnego ucznia. W celu nakreślenia trudności,  z jakimi zmaga się sektor edukacji, wykorzystano raport z ostatniej edycji badania PISA oraz wyniki własnej próby badawczej. Przytoczone dane prezentują spojrzenie uczniów na funkcjonowanie ich szkół oraz podstawę programową z języka polskiego. Tekst zawiera również zestawienie charakterystycznych elementów poprzednich reform (przede wszystkim reformy Jędrzejewiczowskiej). Przegląd ten umożliwia ocenę poziomu nowatorstwa ostatnich zmian oraz zasadności powielania wcześniejszych rozwiązań, a analiza obecnej podstawy programowej staje się punktem wyjścia do nakreślenia bieżącego kierunku polityki oświatowej. To w dalszej kolejności pozwala oszacować, jak bardzo propozycje reformatorów są w stanie zahamować aktualne problemy, w jakim stopniu zaś mogą stać się źródłem kolejnych.
EN
The article presents the methodology and results of a survey on equating the lower secondary school examinations from 2002–2010. The survey was carried out by the Student Performance Analysis Unit at the Educational Research Institute. More than 10 000 students were selected for the equating study and information about more than 500 items was used. IRT models were used for equating exams, the results were presented on a latent variable scale and the observed score scale. Using this procedure, it was possible to isolate random difficulty variation between exam papers from specific years and present changes in ability level of students taking the exam. Based on the results, the level of humanities abilities of lower secondary school leavers was stable, whilst maths and science demonstrated a downward trend. Equating was validated by comparison with the results of the international PISA survey. Results for the arts and humanities were consistent with the PISA results for reading literacy. Maths and science, as compared with the PISA survey maths section demonstrated greater divergence.
EN
Research on performance in mathematics shows that an average achievement of men and women is only slightly different. A much bigger difference exists among students at high achievement levels; in this group, there are more boys than girls. This paper addresses the question how mathematical subdisciplines and types of tests shape gender proportion at higher percentiles of achievement distribution. An analysis of a wide range of data including the results of PISA, exams taken at the end of lower secondary school and high school as well as so-called “mathematical Olympics” brings out three conclusions: (1) there is a gender gap in all subscales of PISA scales, (2) the largest differences exist in scales related to spatial abilities, (3) gender gap widens together with an increase in the level of difficulty as well as with the transition to higher educational levels.
EN
This paper investigates the effect of family size on educational achievement of 15-year-old students in the Czech Republic in 2003. The authors find that a continuous measure of the number of co-residing siblings has a negative effect on school achievement and that this effect persists (somewhat reduced in size) even when controlling for family structure, parental education, type of school, and year at school. They find no interactions between family size and other variables in the analysis. The main finding is consistent across various methods of dealing with missing data. The authors conclude that given contemporary population trends, stratification scholars shall in the future pay more attention to model specification and shall include family size among the predictors in status attainment models if they want to obtain unbiased parameter estimates.
EN
In this study, the data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) are used to investigate whether the PISA science test score is a good indicator of competence in science and technology. The researcher uses a number of scientific and technical journal articles per million people as a measure instrument to represent the competence of science and technology. A regression model analysis suggests that the PISA science scores would significantly predict competence in S & T, even when controlling the number of researchers in R&D per million people and the R&D expenditure (% of GDP). Moreover, it shows that R&D expenditure (% of GDP) is another important determinant of the competence in S & T. Multicollinearity is also found between the R&D expenditure (% of GDP) and the number of researchers in R&D per million people. The policy implication is clear.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą porównania charakterystyk i korelatów zaangażowania rodziców (PI) w edukację ich dzieci w 11 krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej: Białorusi, Czechach, Estonii, Litwy, Łotwy, Polski, Rumunii, Rosji, Słowacji, Ukrainy i Węgier. Dane pochodzą z badania PISA 2018, opierają się na reprezentatywnych, ogólnokrajowych próbach 15-letnich uczniów i ich rodziców. W opracowaniu wykorzystano analizę wariancji i serie modeli regresji logistycznej. Trzy kraje o najwyższym poziomie PI spośród państw CEE to Białoruś, Rosja i Ukraina. Polska okazała się liderem jedynie w odniesieniu do biernego zaangażowania (rozmowy o postępach dziecka z inicjatywy nauczyciela). Uśredniając, kraje Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej charakteryzują się wysokim poziomem zaangażowania biernego i niskim czynnego, a jednocześnie rodzice mocniej włączają się w materialne i pozamaterialne wsparcie szkoły niż w krajach Europy Zachodniej. Poczucie uzyskiwania wsparcie przez 15 letnich uczniów jest powszechne. Nawet w Polsce, gdzie wskaźnik był najniższy spośród 11 badanych krajów, kształtował się na poziomie 80%. PI silnie wiąże się z dwiema zmiennymi: płeć ucznia i status materialny gospodarstwa domowego. Prawdopodobieństwo uzyskania wsparcia jest wyższe w przypadku uczennic oraz wraz ze wzrostem statusu ekonomicznego. Ten ostatni przekracza oddziaływanie statusu wykształceniowego.
PL
Przez lata wskaźniki zdolności poznawczych i kompetencji akademickich sugerowały, że zdolność ludzi do skutecznego radzenia sobie z otoczeniem ulega poprawie (nazwanej efektem Flynna). Ostatnie dowody sugerują, że ten trend może się zmieniać. To badanie analizuje dane uzyskane z Programu Międzynarodowej Oceny Uczniów (Program for International Student Assessment ) dla celowej próby grupy 9 krajów w ciągu ostatnich 6 lat i sugeruje, że rzeczywiście istnieją dowody na znaczny spadek kompetencji uczniów i umiejętności czytania, pisania i matematyki poza możliwymi względami ekonomicznymi i czynnikami krajowymi. Omówiono znaczenie wyników dla edukacji i jego potencjalne implikacje.
EN
For years indicators of cognitive abilities and academic competencies suggested that humans’ ability to effective cope with their environment is improving (dubbed the Flynn effect). Recent evidence suggests that this trend may be turning. This study explores data obtained from the Program for International Student Assessment for an intentional sample of 9 countries over the last 6 years and suggests that indeed there is evidence of substantial decrease in students competencies and literacy in Language (writing) and Math beyond possible economical, and national factors. The relevance of the results to education and its potential implications are discussed.
PL
W artykule prezentowane są metodologia oraz rezultaty badania nad zrównaniem wyników egzaminu gimnazjalnego dla lat 2002–2010 przeprowadzonych przez Pracownię Analiz Osiągnięć Uczniów w Instytucie Badań Edukacyjnych. Do badania zrównującego wylosowano ponad 10 tys. uczniów i wykorzystano informacje o ponad 500 zadaniach. Do zrównania wyników egzaminu wykorzystano modele IRT, wyniki przedstawiono na skali zmiennej ukrytej oraz na skali wyników obserwowanych. Dzięki zastosowanej procedurze udało się wyizolować losowe wahania trudności między arkuszami egzaminacyjnymi w poszczególnych latach i przedstawić zmiany w poziomie umiejętności uczniów zdających egzamin gimnazjalny. Na podstawie rezultatów badania można stwierdzić, że poziom umiejętności humanistycznych gimnazjalistów jest stabilny, natomiast poziom umiejętności matematyczno-przyrodniczych wykazał trend spadkowy. W analizie dokonano walidacji zrównywania, porównując przedstawione wyniki z wynikami badania międzynarodowego, porównywalnego w kolejnych cyklach badania PISA. Wyniki dla części humanistycznej wykazują wysoką zbieżność z wynikami PISA dla czytania ze zrozumieniem. W przypadku części matematyczno-przyrodniczej egzaminu, która porównywana była z matematyką w badaniu PISA, zaobserwowano większe różnice pomiędzy rezultatami obydwu badań.
EN
The article presents the methodology and results of a survey on equating the lower secondary school examinations from 2002–2010. The survey was carried out by the Student Performance Analysis Unit at the Educational Research Institute. More than 10 000 students were selected for the equating study and information about more than 500 items was used. IRT models were used for equating exams, the results were presented on a latent variable scale and the observed score scale. Using this procedure, it was possible to isolate random difficulty variation between exam papers from specific years and present changes in ability level of students taking the exam. Based on the results, the level of humanities abilities of lower secondary school leavers was stable, whilst maths and science demonstrated a downward trend. Equating was validated by comparison with the results of the international PISA survey. Results for the arts and humanities were consistent with the PISA results for reading literacy. Maths and science, as compared with the PISA survey maths section demonstrated greater divergence.
PL
Różne stosowane na świecie sposoby oceniania zadań na egzaminach końcowych dają informacje o osiągnięciach uczniów, pozwalają porównywać wyniki szkół, nie pozwalają jednak na formułowanie wniosków o koniecznych modyfikacjach metod nauczania. Istnieją jednak metody oceniania zadań, które pozwalają nie tylko opisać osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia uczniów, ale także umożliwiają ocenę przyczyn tych niepowodzeń. Jedną z takich metod oceniania zadań otwartych rozbudowanej odpowiedzi jest kodowanie dwucyfrowe (double-digit coding). Stosowana jest ona w niektórych międzynarodowych badaniach edukacyjnych. W artykule przedstawiamy pierwsze Polskie doświadczenia związane z zastosowaniem tej metody: zadanie z matematyki oraz klucz kodowy, na podstawie którego odbywało się jego ocenianie. Przedstawiamy również doświadczenia zdobyte podczas przygotowywania klucza kodowego i podczas jego zastosowania w procesie oceniania oraz płynące stąd wnioski.
EN
Various methods are used worldwide to evaluate student solutions to examination tasks. Usually the results simply provide information about student competency and after aggregation, are also used as a tool of making comparisons between schools. In particular, the standard evaluation methods do not allow conclusions to be drawn about possible improvements of teaching methods. There are however, task assessment methods which not only allow description of student achievement, but also possible causes of failure. One such method, which can be applied to extended response tasks, is double-digit coding which has been used in some international educational research. This paper presents the first Polish experiences of applying this method to examination tasks in mathematics, using a special coding key to carry out the evaluation. Lessons learned during the coding key construction and its application in the assessment process are described.
EN
In Germany, the poor performance of German pupils in the PISA study compared to their peers in other countries became a source of an intense discussion that is strongly fueled in the media. Public space has become a type of platform for the exchange of information on the condition of German education as well as on the ongoing changes. The aim of the article is to present the main topics addressed by the German press in the first decade (2001-2010) after the publication of PISA results. A method of Critical Discourse Analysis was used in the research process, which made it possible to draw a conclusion that, on the one hand, educational problems highlighted by the media reflect society’s interest in education, and on the other hand, they may lead to an in-depth scrutiny of the emphasised phenomena, as well as of decisions to take specific, initiatives at the grassroots level (theory of utility and benefit, theory of opposite decoding). Press articles from national newspapers and magazines from selected federal states (depending on high or low achievements of their pupils) were analyzed, taking into account different political options.
PL
W Niemczech słabe osiągnięcia niemieckich uczniów w badaniach PISA na tle rówieśników w innych krajach stały się zarzewiem intensywnie przebiegającej dyskusji, mocno podsycanej w mediach. Przestrzeń publiczna stała się swoistą platformą wymiany informacji na temat kondycji niemieckiej edukacji i dokonujących się zmian. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja głównych tematów dyskursu prasowego toczącego się na łamach prasy niemieckiej w pierwszej dekadzie (2001-2010) po opublikowaniu wyników badania PISA. W procesie badawczym wykorzystano metodę Krytycznej Analizy Dyskursu, która pozwala na przyjęcie założenia, że podejmowane przez media sprawy dotyczące oświaty z jednej strony stanowią odzwierciedlenie zainteresowania społeczeństwa edukacją, z drugiej - mogą prowadzić do pogłębionego przyglądania się wskazywanym zjawiskom i decyzji o podjęciu określonego, oddolnego działania (teoria użytkowania i korzyści, teoria przeciwstawnego dekodowania). Analizie poddano artykuły prasowe z dzienników i czasopism o zasięgu ogólnokrajowym oraz wybranych krajów związkowych (ze względu na wysokie lub niskie osiągnięcia ich uczniów) z uwzględnieniem odmiennych opcji politycznych.
PL
W celu odpowiedzi na tytułowe pytanie poddano analizie dane z reprezentatywnej próbki 4451 uczniów w wieku 17–18 lat ze wszystkich typów szkół ponadgimnazjalnych w Polsce, pochodzące z krajowego badania towarzyszącego badaniu PISA 2006. Pozycję ucznia w rodzinie charakteryzowały dwie zmienne: kolejność urodzenia i liczba młodszego rodzeństwa. Postawiono cztery hipotezy: (1) osiągnięcia szkolne silniej kontroluje kolejność urodzenia niż liczba młodszego rodzeństwa, a wraz z rosnącą kolejnością urodzenia maleją (2) osiągnięcia szkolne, (3) prawdopodobieństwo wyboru szkoły niekończącej kariery oświatowej i (4) orientacja na porządek dorosłych. Hierarchiczne analizy regresji potwierdziły wszystkie hipotezy.
EN
Data gathered in the country companion to PISA 2006 was analyzed to determine the influence of family size on educational performance. The representative sample consisted of 4451 pupils aged 17–18 from all types of secondary school in Poland. Two variables described a pupil’s position in the family: birth order and number of younger siblings. Four hypotheses were tested: (1) academic performance is more strongly determined by birth order than number of younger siblings and with increasing birth order there is a decrease in (2) performance, (3) the likelihood of choice of school which prepares for further education, and (4) orientation towards adult values. Hierarchical linear models confirmed the hypotheses.
EN
This article investigates the association between coresidence with grandparents in three-generational households and the academic performance of 15-year-old students in the Czech Republic. The conceptual part focuses on intergenerational relationships and multigenerational coresidence in the Czech Republic and summarises past research on the links between coresidence with grandparents, family structure, and academic performance. The aim of this article is to find out if there is an association between coresidence with grandparents and an adolescent's academic performance, and if there is to discover whether the association is different for two-parent and one-parent families and whether it can be explained by the families' socioeconomic status. Data from PISA 2012 are used to investigate the association with mathematics, reading, and science literacy test scores as an indicator of school achievement. The results of the analysis revealed a weak positive association between coresidence with grandparents and adolescents' academic performance. The association becomes statistically significant when controlling for socioeconomic status and is not significantly different in two-parent and one-parent families. The results suggest that there is a positive association between three-generational coresidence and 15-year-old students' academic performance, but it is partially suppressed by the families' socioeconomic status.
Edukacja
|
2017
|
issue 2(2017)
146–163
EN
Inequalities in education are so deeply embedded in social stratification that even far-reaching school reforms are not able to weaken the influence of social origin on school achievements. The aim of this article is to verify whether the education reform, which in Poland established a new type of 3-year lower secondary school (gimnazjum), simultaneously equalised the chances of students from different social backgrounds at the transition from lower to upper secondary school. All hypotheses were tested using PISA data from the years 2000–2012, which covered the period before and after school reform in Poland. In case of the first hypothesis, which concerned changes in the impact of social origin on student’s performance in the last year of the new schools, i.e. a year before transition to upper secondary school, PISA data clearly demonstrated that after the reform, there was no significant decrease in correlations between socio-economic status of students and their results in three PISA domains: mathematics, reading and science. In case of the second hypothesis, which was directly focused on social selections to upper secondary schools, PISA data did not confirm that anything changed in this respect after the reform. The third hypotheses addresses the problem of the growing differences among schools in terms of their performance. During the fifteen years since the reform, new schools started to diversify more and more, especially in large cities. PISA demonstrates, however, that this diversification did not perpetuate social inequalities, but rather resulted from competition among schools in the quality of instruction. The latter result was supported by PISA data from eight European countries where students, as in Poland, attend schools which are not divided into tracks. Between 2003 and 2012, growing differences among schools was observed in most of these countries, but in none of them was it accompanied by growing inequalities in education.
XX
In our research we explored the moderating effect of trait-anxiety on improving academic performance during one year. A large sample of 3457 adolescents (1695 girls and 1762 boys) aged from 16 to 17 years took part in the Polish extension in 2009 of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) measuring mathematics, reading and science skills. After 12 months they completed the academic performance test once again, and trait and state-anxiety was measured using STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Trait-anxiety moderated the change in performance in mathematics but not in science or reading. A high level of trait-anxiety impaired mathematics skills development. Additionally three models for mathematics, reading and science were tested in which state-anxiety predicted 2010 academic performance in these domains.
EN
The analysis, based on a Polish national sample from 2006, aims to cast light on the regional variation in the effect of education on incomes. Building on the conceptual framework developed in the theory of human capital we investigate to what extent pay-offs for human capital differ across detailed administrative districts in Poland. By incorporating contextual characteristics, we examine how micro- and macro-level factors shape labour market outcomes. Our findings provide further support for the hypothesis that there is much regional variation in the influence of education on incomes, which suggests that there are better and worse places for the development of a meritocratic distribution of incomes. It appears that education pays more highly in more economically-developed regions, marked by a higher rate of occupational activity.
EN
The study analyzes student, school and district level inequalities of Albanian education system as evidenced in two large-scale assessments. Two main datasets were used for this study, PISA 2018 and the Albanian State Matura Exam 2017. Due to the limited availability of data, the study could only consider a small number of dependent variables at the individual, school, and district level. Utilizing a multilevel analysis, the study observes considerable differences among schools and districts in all three PISA domains and the State Matura Exam. The results were inconclusive regarding shortages of resources at the school and district level. Staff shortage was associated with academic performance in the PISA 2018 dataset, but no statistical association could be identified with the lack of school resources. The analysis of the district financial resources did not show any significant relationship between spending and school performance in the Albanian State Matura Exam. Gender disparities were present in both datasets. Socioeconomic factors, which were measured only in the PISA dataset, had an effect on the student’ achievement.
EN
This paper reviews international comparative research studies on educa-tion that have been carried out in the Czech Republic during the last twenty years. It aims to summarize how the findings from international studies are elaborated on in Czech academic literature and what conclusions can be drawn from them. In the first part we provide an overview of the research studies that the Czech Republic participated in. The second part focuses on the issues concerning Czech pupils’ results that were discussed in Czech reviewed papers and monographs. The final part of the paper points towards some ways of using the data and findings from international research further. It can be concluded that the results of Czech pupils in international comparative studies are relatively consistent, although there are certain fluctuations over time. International comparative studies represent a rich reservoir of data for the Czech Republic, whose potential could be used more intensively in the field of didactics in order to develop productive culture of teaching and learning.
EN
Various methods are used worldwide to evaluate student solutions to examination tasks. Usually the results simply provide information about student competency and after aggregation, are also used as a tool of making comparisons between schools. In particular, the standard evaluation methods do not allow conclusions to be drawn about possible improvements of teaching methods. There are however, task assessment methods which not only allow description of student achievement, but also possible causes of failure. One such method, which can be applied to extended response tasks, is double-digit coding which has been used in some international educational research. This paper presents the first Polish experiences of applying this method to examination tasks in mathematics, using a special coding key to carry out the evaluation. Lessons learned during the coding key construction and its application in the assessment process are described.
EN
On the basis of the existing research and available theories this paper attempts to determine whether there is any causative relation between the educational reform introduced in Poland in 1999 and the improvement of Polish pupils’ scores in the PISA study. Analysis suggests that the element of the reformsmost likely to have contributed to the improvement of Poland’s PISAscores was the introduction of externally evaluated examinations with a multiple-choice format. There are also two strong methodological conclusions that can be drawn from this research: (1) given the complexity of the reform, its aims and outcomes should be ‘decomposed’ for more detailed analysis, and (2) given the cumulative outcomes of the reform, PISA scores between 2000 and 2012 should be explained by a different set of hypotheses for each round.
EN
The article is a synthetic presentation of the assumptions and results of the PISA study. The article discuses methodology of assessment, ways of doing it and forms of tasks. Particular attention is paid to the main field from the year 2018, i.e. the under standing of the text being read. Basic concepts related to the text, the situation of the reader, and the act of reading were explained. The following sections discuss the results, ta king into account other areas (mathematics, life sciences), historical changes and comparisons with other countries. The results of contextual research were also presented, which give the opportunity to examine the climate of Polish schools, teaching methods, and students’ well-being. Finally, a proposal for the interpretation of the results is presented.
PL
Artykuł stanowi syntetyczne przedstawienie założeń i wyników badania PISA. Omówione są metodologia badania, sposób jego przeprowadzania, formy zadań. Szczególną uwagę poświęca się dziedzinie głównej z roku 2018, czyli rozumieniu czytanego tekstu. Zostały wyjaśnione podstawowe pojęcia związane z tekstem, sytuacją czytelnika, aktem lektury. W dalszej części omówiono wyniki, z uwzględnieniem pozostałych dziedzin (matematyka, nauki przyrodnicze), zmian w ujęciu historycznym oraz porównań z innymi krajami. Przedstawione zostały również wyniki badań kontekstowych, które dają możliwość przyjrzenia się klimatowi polskiej szkoły, sposobom nauczania, dobrostanowi uczniów. Na koniec została przedstawiona propozycja interpretacji wyników.
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.